The State of Human Anatomy Teaching in the Medical Schools of Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Present and future perspectives.

Available literature on medical education charts an emerging trend in the field of anatomy. In the past decade, assisted by innovations in informatics and the paradigm shift in medical education, the hands-on experience of cadaver dissection has progressively become a relic of the past. Within the context of the situation in Gulf Cooperation Council countries, this paper compares the traditional teaching approach with the modern one that tends to emphasise technical gadgetry, virtual reality and plastic models rather than hands-on-experience to impart knowledge and skill. However, cadaver-based learning is an important building block for the future physician and surgeon since clinical astuteness is likely to rely on skills gained from hands-on experience rather than the tendency to learning through virtual reality found in modern curricula.

[1]  A. M. Roberts,et al.  The anatomy demonstrator of the future: An examination of the role of the medically‐qualified anatomy demonstrator in the context of tomorrow's doctors and modernizing medical careers , 2007, Clinical anatomy.

[2]  W. Cottam,et al.  Adequacy of medical school gross anatomy education as perceived by certain postgraduate residency programs and anatomy course directors , 1999, Clinical anatomy.

[3]  A. Winkelmann,et al.  Anatomical dissection as a teaching method in medical school: a review of the evidence , 2007, Medical education.

[4]  H. Ellis Teaching in the dissecting room , 2001, Clinical anatomy.

[5]  J. Skandalakis The teaching of anatomy. A dialogue with a cell biologist. , 2000, Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA.

[6]  H. Ellis The surgeon as a teacher of anatomy. , 1993 .

[7]  A. Scherpbier,et al.  A Qualitative Analysis of the Transition from Theory to Practice in Undergraduate Training in a PBL-Medical School , 2000, Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice.

[8]  P. Willan,et al.  Concepts of variation and normality in morphology: Important issues at risk of neglect in modern undergraduate medical courses , 1999, Clinical anatomy.

[9]  C. Oliver,et al.  The carpal bones: a basic test of medical students' and junior doctors' knowledge of anatomy. , 2005, The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland.

[10]  P. Willan Basic surgical training 2: Interactions with the undergraduate medical curriculum , 1996, Clinical anatomy.

[11]  J. Meiring,et al.  Evaluation of clinical relevance of problem-oriented teaching in undergraduate anatomy at the University of Pretoria , 2001, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.

[12]  V. Spitzer,et al.  The visible human dataset: The anatomical platform for human simulation , 1998, The Anatomical record.

[13]  T. Walter Body Worlds: clinical detachment and anatomical awe. , 2004, Sociology of health & illness.

[14]  D. Heylings,et al.  Anatomy 1999–2000: the curriculum, who teaches it and how? , 2002, Medical education.

[15]  C. Rosse Terminologia Anatomica: Considered from the perspective of next‐generation knowledge sources , 2001, Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print).

[16]  C. E. Dinsmore,et al.  Teaching and learning gross anatomy: Dissection, prosection, or “both of the above?” , 1999, Clinical anatomy.

[17]  G R Norman,et al.  Do virtual computer models hinder anatomy learning? , 1999, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[18]  A. Winkelmann,et al.  Cadavers as teachers: the dissecting room experience in Thailand , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[19]  Cees P M van der Vleuten,et al.  Does problem‐based learning lead to deficiencies in basic science knowledge? An empirical case on anatomy , 2003, Medical education.

[20]  W. Monkhouse,et al.  Tomorrow's doctors: Today's mistakes? , 1999, Clinical anatomy.

[21]  W. Monkhouse Anatomy and the medical school curriculum , 1992, The Lancet.

[22]  J Older,et al.  Anatomy: a must for teaching the next generation. , 2004, The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland.

[23]  O. Beahrs Gross anatomy in medicine , 1991 .

[24]  J. Sutin,et al.  Evaluation of a gross anatomy program without dissection. , 1978, Journal of medical education.

[25]  P. Willan,et al.  Profiles of applicants for junior faculty posts to teach anatomy in the UK: Changing populations of candidates , 1999, Clinical anatomy.

[26]  D. Cahill,et al.  A comment on recent teaching of human anatomy in the United States , 2000, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.