Preparation and characterization of DNA films induced by UV irradiation.

Large amounts of DNA-enriched materials, such as salmon milts and shellfish gonads, are discarded as industrial waste. We have been able to convert the discarded DNA to a useful material by preparing novel DNA films by UV irradiation. When DNA films were irradiated with UV light, the molecular weight of DNA was greatly increased. The reaction was inhibited by addition of the radical scavenger galvinoxyl suggesting that the DNA polymerization with UV irradiation proceeded by a radical reaction. Although this UV-irradiated DNA film was water-insoluble and resistant to hydrolysis by nuclease, the structure of the DNA film in water was similar to non-irradiated DNA and maintained B-form structure. In addition, the UV-irradiated DNA film could effectively accumulate and condense harmful DNA-intercalating compounds, such as ethidium bromide and acridine orange, from diluted aqueous solutions. The binding constant and exclusion number of ethidium bromide for UV-irradiated DNA were determined to be 6.8 +/- 0.3 x 10(4) M(-1) and 1.6 +/- 0.2, respectively; these values are consisted with reported results for non-irradiated DNA. The UV-irradiated DNA films have potential uses as a biomaterial filter for the removal of harmful DNA intercalating compounds.

[1]  P. Schultz,et al.  Organization of 'nanocrystal molecules' using DNA , 1996, Nature.

[2]  D. Crothers,et al.  Interactions of heteroaromatic compounds with nucleic acids. 1. The influence of heteroatoms and polarizability on the base specificity of intercalating ligands. , 1975, European journal of biochemistry.

[3]  E. Lippmann.  Zur Geschichte der Alchemie , 1922 .

[4]  M. Maeda,et al.  Water-soluble conjugate of double-stranded DNA and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for one-pot affinity precipitation separation of DNA-binding proteins. , 1998, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[5]  D. Falvey,et al.  Model Studies of the (6−4) Photoproduct Photolyase Enzyme: Laser Flash Photolysis Experiments Confirm Radical Ion Intermediates in the Sensitized Repair of Thymine Oxetane Adducts , 2000 .

[6]  F. S. Allen,et al.  The ultraviolet circular dichroism of some natural DNAs and an analysis of the spectra for sequence information , 1972, Biopolymers.

[7]  R. Nieman,et al.  PHOTO‐CIDNP DETECTION OF PYRIMIDINE DIMER RADICAL CATIONS IN ANTHRAQUINONESULFONATE‐ SENSITIZED SPLITTING , 1990, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[8]  L. Williams,et al.  A novel assay for drug-DNA binding mode, affinity, and exclusion number: scanning force microscopy. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  Chad A. Mirkin,et al.  DNA-Directed Synthesis of Binary Nanoparticle Network Materials , 1998 .

[10]  J. Chaires,et al.  CONTRASTING HYDRATION CHANGES FOR ETHIDIUM AND DAUNOMYCIN BINDING TO DNA , 1999 .

[11]  V. Elings,et al.  Fractured polymer/silica fiber surface studied by tapping mode atomic force microscopy , 1993 .

[12]  K. Horie,et al.  Persistent Spectral Hole Burning for a Free-Base Porphyrin Doped in a DNA-Lipid Complex Film , 1999 .

[13]  Y. Kai,et al.  PHOTODIMERIZATION OF 1-ALKYLTHYMINES CRYSTALLIZED FROM ACETONITRILE SOLUTION , 1999 .

[14]  C. Böttcher,et al.  High-Yield Preparation of Oligomeric C-Type DNA Toroids and Their Characterization by Cryoelectron Microscopy , 1998 .

[15]  J. Langowski,et al.  Superhelix dimensions of a 1868 base pair plasmid determined by scanning force microscopy in air and in aqueous solution. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[16]  Bruce Alberts,et al.  [11] DNA-cellulose chromatography , 1971 .

[17]  N. Sakairi,et al.  DNA-alginate complex recognized by autoantibodies against DNA. , 1997, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[18]  T. Kurucsev,et al.  The interaction between acridine dyes and deoxyribonucleic acid. , 1970, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[19]  B. Samorì,et al.  „Einfangen”︁ und Abbilden molekularer Dynamik durch Kombination von Rasterkraftmikroskopie und topologischen Einschränkungen , 1996 .

[20]  T. Harris,et al.  Carcinogen-nucleic acid interactions: equilibrium binding studies of aflatoxin B1 with the oligodeoxynucleotide d(ATGCAT)2 and with plasmid pBR322 support intercalative association with the B-DNA helix. , 1989, Biochemistry.

[21]  J. Lepecq,et al.  A fluorescent complex between ethidium bromide and nucleic acids. Physical-chemical characterization. , 1967, Journal of molecular biology.

[22]  H M Berman,et al.  The interaction of intercalating drugs with nucleic acids. , 1981, Annual review of biophysics and bioengineering.

[23]  N. Nishi,et al.  Utilization of DNA as functional materials: preparation of filters containing DNA insolubilized with alginic acid gel. , 1996, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[24]  Masatsugu Shimomura,et al.  Anisotropic Electric Conductivity in an Aligned DNA Cast Film , 1998 .

[25]  B. Samorì,et al.  Trapping and Imaging Molecular Dynamics by Combining Scanning Force Microscopy with Topology , 1996 .

[26]  M. Maeda,et al.  Affinity adsorption separation of mutagenic molecules by polyacrylamide hydrogels comprising double-stranded DNA , 1998 .

[27]  R. Beukers,et al.  Isolation and identification of the irradiation product of thymine. , 1960, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[28]  R. Litman.  A deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from Micrococcus luteus (Micrococcus lysodeikticus) isolated on deoxyribonucleic acid-cellulose. , 1968, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[29]  K. Ohkawa,et al.  UV-irradiation-induced DNA immobilization and functional utilization of DNA on nonwoven cellulose fabric. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[30]  T. Wada,et al.  Photodimerizations and Crystal Structures of Thymine Derivatives Having a Long Alkyl Chain Connected with a Carbamate Bond. , 1996 .

[31]  T. Okada,et al.  Atomic force microscopy of supercoiled DNA structure on mica , 1998 .

[32]  S. Tokura,et al.  Marked effect of DNA on collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. , 1997, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[33]  M. Waring,et al.  DNA modification and cancer. , 1981, Annual review of biochemistry.

[34]  P. Weiss.  Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Edited by Samuel H. Cohen, Mona T. Bray, and Marcia L. Lightbody (U.S. Army Natick Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Natick, MA). Plenum Press: New York. 1994. x + 453 pp. $125.00. ISBN 0-306-44890-4. , 1996 .

[35]  M. Waring,et al.  A Molecular Model for the Interaction of Ethidium Bromide with Deoxyribonucleic Acid , 1964 .

[36]  Naoya Ogata,et al.  Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Fluorescent‐Dye‐Doped DNA–Surfactant Complex Films , 2000 .

[37]  J. Storhoff,et al.  A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials , 1996, Nature.

[38]  P. Bartlett,et al.  Galvinoxyl (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-α-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ylidene)-p-tolyloxy) as a Scavenger of Shorter-lived Free Radicals , 1962 .

[39]  M. Waring,et al.  Complex formation between ethidium bromide and nucleic acids. , 1965, Journal of molecular biology.

[40]  Wolfram Saenger,et al.  Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure , 1983 .