Growth and macro defects of ZnO single crystals

ZnO single crystal has been grown from 22 mol%ZnO-78 mol%PbF2 high temperature solution in a homemade vertical Bridgman furnace. The macro growth defects, such as growth striations, boundary, negative crystal, bubbles, and inclusions, were investigated by optical microscopy and an electron probe X-ray microanalyser (EPMA). The formation mechanisms of these defects were discussed associated with the growth parameters. The approaches to reduce macro defects were proposed. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)