High-voltage pH differential vanadium-hydrogen flow battery

Abstract We report a rechargeable pH differential vanadium-hydrogen (V-H 2 ) flow battery with a practical open circuit voltage of 1.93 V and a discharge voltage of 1.73 V. This value is among the highest reported values for rechargeable flow batteries with aqueous electrolytes to date. This proposed V-H 2 system demonstrates relatively high efficiencies in voltage (89%), Coulomb (85%) and energy (75%). Moreover, V-H 2 system shows a high experimental specific energy of 135.6 Wh kg −1 which is about 2.6 times higher than that of the state-of-the-art all vanadium redox flow battery. This work offers new opportunities to develop high-specific-energy energy storage technologies.

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