Phenotyping date palm varieties via leaflet cross-sectional imaging and artificial neural network application

BackgroundTrue date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are impressive trees and have served as an indispensable source of food for mankind in tropical and subtropical countries for centuries. The aim of this study is to differentiate date palm tree varieties by analysing leaflet cross sections with technical/optical methods and artificial neural networks (ANN).ResultsFluorescence microscopy images of leaflet cross sections have been taken from a set of five date palm tree cultivars (Hewlat al Jouf, Khlas, Nabot Soltan, Shishi, Um Raheem). After features extraction from images, the obtained data have been fed in a multilayer perceptron ANN with backpropagation learning algorithm.ConclusionsOverall, an accurate result in prediction and differentiation of date palm tree cultivars was achieved with average prediction in tenfold cross-validation is 89.1% and reached 100% in one of the best ANN.

[1]  Raymond Wu.  Decision Process and Fuzzy Techniques in Component Based Design , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society.

[2]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1: foundations , 1986 .

[3]  Ankush Gupta.  In vitro culture of female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) , 2008 .

[4]  S. Omholt,et al.  Phenomics: the next challenge , 2010, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[5]  A. Torres,et al.  LEAF ISOZYMES AS GENETIC MARKERS IN DATE PALMS , 1980 .

[6]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Learning internal representations by error propagation , 1986 .

[7]  A. Salem,et al.  Morphological variability of Mauritanian date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars as revealed by vegetative traits , 2008 .

[8]  Douglas Kline,et al.  Revisiting squared-error and cross-entropy functions for training neural network classifiers , 2005, Neural Computing & Applications.

[9]  M. Tester,et al.  Phenomics--technologies to relieve the phenotyping bottleneck. , 2011, Trends in plant science.

[10]  P. Ferranti,et al.  Mass spectrometry in the study of anthocyanins and their derivatives: differentiation of Vitis vinifera and hybrid grapes by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.

[11]  S. Jain.  Date palm biotechnology: current status and prospective - an overview. , 2012 .

[12]  N. Al-Khalifah,et al.  Molecular phylogeny of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Saudi Arabia by DNA fingerprinting , 2003, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[13]  R. Krueger,et al.  The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) : Overview of biology, uses, and cultivation , 2007 .

[14]  A. Salem,et al.  Use of multivariate analysis to assess phenotypic diversity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars , 2011 .

[15]  D. Rivera,et al.  Morphological Systematics of Date-Palm Diversity (Phoenix, Arecaceae) in Western Europe and Some Preliminary Molecular Results , 2008 .

[16]  W. Johannsen,et al.  The Genotype Conception of Heredity , 1911, The American Naturalist.

[17]  BMC Bioinformatics , 2005 .

[18]  Yuxuan Wang,et al.  A Leaf Recognition Algorithm for Plant Classification Using Probabilistic Neural Network , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology.

[19]  R. Rizk,et al.  Descriptors for Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) characterization and evaluation in genebanks , 2007 .

[20]  George L. Nemhauser,et al.  The Traveling Salesman Problem: A Survey , 1968, Oper. Res..

[21]  Munshi Abdulla,et al.  Investigation on Molecular Phylogeny of Some Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifra L.) Cultivars by Protein, RAPD and ISSR Markers in Saudi Arabia , 2010 .

[22]  M. Baaziz,et al.  Preliminary identification of date palm cultivars by esterase isoenzymes and peroxidase activities , 1988 .

[23]  J. Smith.  Biochemical fingerprints of cultivars using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and isozyme electrophoresis: a review , 1986 .

[24]  H. Stegemann,et al.  Identification of date (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars by protein patterns , 1986 .

[25]  S. Bean,et al.  A fast method for wheat cultivar differentiation using capillary zone electrophoresis , 1995 .

[26]  S. Jain,et al.  Date Palm Biotechnology , 2011 .

[27]  D. Inzé,et al.  Cell to whole-plant phenotyping: the best is yet to come. , 2013, Trends in plant science.

[28]  J. Chowdhury,et al.  In vitro culture of female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) tissues , 1980, Euphytica.