Modeling and analysis of customer premise equipments registration process in IEEE 802.22 WRAN cell

Abstract The development of the IEEE 802.22 standard is aimed at providing broadband access in rural areas by effectively utilizing the unused TV band, provided no harmful interference is caused to the incumbent operation. The motivation behind TV band selection is of having lower frequencies compared to other licensed bands, which, therefore, results in lower propagation path loss. Due to this quality, the spectral power density of the radio signal reduces slowly, which results in a high coverage area. Further, it has been observed that many TV channels largely remain unoccupied, as most households and businesses rely on cable and satellite TV services. This is the first international standard for a wireless regional area network (WRAN) based on cognitive radio technologies. This standard provides both PHY and MAC layer functionalities in an infrastructure based network for communication between customer premise equipments (CPEs) through a base station (BS). The Spectrum Manager is the central part of the BS, which plays a significant role in maintaining spectrum availability information, channel selection, channel management, scheduling quiet periods for spectrum sensing, accessing to the database and implementing IEEE 802.22 policies. A WRAN can particularly accommodate up to 512 CPEs in a cell. Contention may occur during initial ranging, periodic ranging, bandwidth request and urgent coexistence situation notification. The medium access control (MAC) incorporates several schemes to control contention between CPEs within a cell and overlapping cells sharing the same channel. A CPE has to make decision to resolve collisions in the upstream direction. In the case of initial ranging and periodic ranging, code division multiple access (CDMA) is employed to resolve collisions. For bandwidth and UCS notification, either a CDMA or exponential time backoff approach can be applied for collision resolution. This paper presents the analytical framework to evaluate the number of active CPEs in a cognitive radio network. It is important to note that when the arrival rate becomes equal to the service rate, the active CPEs curve attains a constant value. Further, the active CPEs length is highly dependent on service rate. The different special cases have been addressed and the effectiveness of the proposed framework has been validated through various evaluation results.

[1]  Chang-Joo Kim,et al.  Channel management in IEEE 802.22 WRAN systems , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[2]  Russell Meyers A PROSPECTUS OF THE ROLE OF THE COMMITTEE ON CLINICAL METHODS IN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS , 1951 .

[3]  Joseph Mitola,et al.  Cognitive radio : model-based competence for software radios , 1999 .

[4]  Wha Sook Jeon,et al.  An Advanced Quiet-Period Management Scheme for Cognitive Radio Systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  Gordon L. Stüber,et al.  Interference Analysis of TV-Band Whitespace , 2009, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[6]  Fernando Casadevall,et al.  On the spectrum occupancy perception of cognitive radio terminals in realistic scenarios , 2010, 2010 2nd International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing.

[7]  Sajal K. Das,et al.  Self-coexistence in cellular cognitive radio networks based on the IEEE 802.22 standard , 2013, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[8]  Ryan W. Thomas,et al.  Cognitive networks , 2005, First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005..

[9]  K. J. Ray Liu,et al.  Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey , 2011, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.

[10]  Joseph Mitola,et al.  Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal , 1999, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[11]  Humaira Afzal,et al.  The Role of Spectrum Manager in IEEE 802.22 Standard , 2014 .

[12]  Khaled Ben Letaief,et al.  Spectrum sensing with active cognitive systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[13]  Chunyan Miao,et al.  A game theory approach for self-coexistence analysis among IEEE 802.22 networks , 2009, 2009 7th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing (ICICS).

[14]  K.N. Steadman,et al.  Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Detectors , 2007, 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks.

[15]  Petri Mähönen,et al.  Lessons learned from an extensive spectrum occupancy measurement campaign and a stochastic duty cycle model , 2009, TRIDENTCOM.

[16]  Sai Shankar Nandagopalan,et al.  IEEE 802.22: An Introduction to the First Wireless Standard based on Cognitive Radios , 2006, J. Commun..

[17]  Simon Haykin,et al.  Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications , 2005, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[18]  Ahmed K. Sadek,et al.  Technical challenges for cognitive radio in the TV white space spectrum , 2009, 2009 Information Theory and Applications Workshop.

[19]  Dave Cavalcanti,et al.  Spectrum Sensing for Dynamic Spectrum Access of TV Bands , 2007, 2007 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications.

[20]  Bo Gao,et al.  A taxonomy of coexistence mechanisms for heterogeneous cognitive radio networks operating in TV white spaces , 2012, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[21]  Kang G. Shin,et al.  Secure Cooperative Sensing in IEEE 802.22 WRANs Using Shadow Fading Correlation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[22]  Do-Hoon Kim,et al.  Selfish attacks and detection in cognitive radio Ad-Hoc networks , 2013, IEEE Network.

[23]  Zhongding Lei,et al.  IEEE 802.22: The first cognitive radio wireless regional area network standard , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[24]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey , 2006, Comput. Networks.

[25]  Ying-Chang Liang,et al.  Cognitive radio on TV bands: a new approach to provide wireless connectivity for rural areas , 2008, IEEE Wireless Communications.