Developments in fuel cell technologies in the transport sector

Abstract The demand for clean power source which can be used to run the various types of vehicles on the road is increasing on a daily basis due to the fact that high emissions released from internal combustion engine play a significant role in air pollution and climate change. Fuel cell devices, particularly Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) type, are strong candidates to replace the internal combustion engines in the transport industry. The PEMFC technology still has many challenges including high cost, low durability and hydrogen storage problems which limit the wide-world commercialization of this technology. In this paper, the fuel cell cost, durability and performances challenges which are associated with using of fuel cell technology for transport applications are detailed and reviewed. Recent developments that deal with the proposed challenges are reported. Furthermore, problems of hydrogen infrastructure and hydrogen storage in the fuel cell vehicle are discussed.

[1]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  Materials in PEM Fuel Cells , 2021, Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering.

[2]  M. Delucchi,et al.  The impact of widespread deployment of fuel cell vehicles on platinum demand and price , 2011 .

[3]  Jason Marcinkoski,et al.  Manufacturing process assumptions used in fuel cell system cost analyses , 2011 .

[4]  Francisco Aparicio,et al.  Comparison of GHG emissions from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse trucks of the City of Madrid , 2009 .

[5]  M. Dassisti,et al.  Advances in stationary and portable fuel cell applications , 2016 .

[6]  Suk Joo Bae,et al.  Degradation pattern prediction of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack with series reliability structure via durability data of single cells , 2014 .

[7]  Alireza Khaligh,et al.  Battery, Ultracapacitor, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric, Hybrid Electric, Fuel Cell, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: State of the Art , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[8]  Steven A. Weakley.  Pathways to Commercial Success: Technologies and Products Supported by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program , 2011 .

[9]  Xunmin Ou,et al.  Life-cycle analysis on energy consumption and GHG emission intensities of alternative vehicle fuels in China , 2012 .

[10]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  Assessing energy consumption of the transport sector in Aleppo, Syria. , 2012 .

[11]  Li Bing,et al.  PEM Fuel Cells: Current Status and Challenges for Electrical Vehicle Applications , 2010 .

[12]  Z. Ren,et al.  Stacks with TiN/titanium as the bipolar plate for PEMFCs , 2012 .

[13]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  The 3rd international conference on sustainable energy and environmental protection SEEP 2009-Guest Editor's Introduction , 2010 .

[14]  Frank W. Geels,et al.  Sociotechnical scenarios as a new policy tool to explore system innovations: Co-evolution of technology and society in The Netherland’s electricity domain , 2004 .

[15]  J. David Carter,et al.  Composite-coated aluminum bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells , 2013 .

[16]  S. Yoon,et al.  Multi-block copolymers based on poly(p-phenylene)s with excellent durability and fuel cell performance , 2015 .

[17]  D. Mahajan,et al.  Metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cell—A review , 2007 .

[18]  Ayoub Kazim.  Introduction of PEM fuel-cell vehicles in the transportation sector of the United Arab Emirates , 2003 .

[19]  Yoshiyuki Show,et al.  Electrically conductive amorphous carbon coating on metal bipolar plates for PEFC , 2007 .

[20]  Hewu Wang,et al.  Energy consumption and GHG emissions of GTL fuel by LCA: Results from eight demonstration transit buses in Beijing , 2010 .

[21]  Atilla Biyikoglu,et al.  Review of proton exchange membrane fuel cell models , 2005 .

[22]  Viral S. Mehta,et al.  Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design and manufacturing , 2003 .

[23]  A. Olabi,et al.  Three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell model: Comparison of double channel and open pore cellular foam flow plates , 2017 .

[24]  Allen M. Hermann,et al.  Bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells: A review , 2005 .

[25]  K. Swider-Lyons,et al.  How To Make Electrocatalysts More Active for Direct Methanol OxidationAvoid PtRu Bimetallic Alloys , 2000 .

[26]  Atilla Biyiko,et al.  Review of proton exchange membrane fuel cell models , 2005 .

[27]  A. Odeh,et al.  Chitosan: A Low Cost Material for the Production of Membrane for Use in PEMFC-A Review , 2013 .

[28]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi.  Developments in sustainable energy and environmental protection , 2012 .

[29]  José Manuel Andújar,et al.  Fuel cells: History and updating. A walk along two centuries , 2009 .

[30]  P. J. Sebastian,et al.  Conducting polymer-coated stainless steel bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) , 2005 .

[31]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  Driving cycle developments and their impacts on energy consumption of transportation , 2016 .

[32]  I. Staffell,et al.  Current status of hybrid, battery and fuel cell electric vehicles: From electrochemistry to market prospects , 2012 .

[33]  Junye Wang,et al.  Barriers of scaling-up fuel cells: Cost, durability and reliability , 2015 .

[34]  Hubert A. Gasteiger,et al.  Methanol electrooxidation on well-characterized Pt-Ru alloys , 1993 .

[35]  EunAe Cho,et al.  Performance of a 1 kW-class PEMFC stack using TiN-coated 316 stainless steel bipolar plates , 2005 .

[36]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  100% sustainable energy , 2014 .

[37]  Lu Guo,et al.  TiN-coated titanium as the bipolar plate for PEMFC by multi-arc ion plating , 2011 .

[38]  M. De Francesco,et al.  Nafion degradation in PEFCs from end plate iron contamination , 2003 .

[39]  S. Litster,et al.  PEM fuel cell electrodes , 2004 .

[40]  Christopher Yang,et al.  Implementing a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and System Design , 2005 .

[41]  S. Srinivasan,et al.  Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000 Part I. Fundamental scientific aspects , 2001 .

[42]  Ahmad Baroutaji,et al.  Developments of Foam Materials for Fuel Cell Technology , 2021, Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering.

[43]  B. Yi,et al.  Ag-polytetrafluoroethylene composite coating on stainless steel as bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell , 2008 .

[44]  Heli Wang,et al.  Stainless steel as bipolar plate material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells , 2003 .

[45]  R. A. Antunes,et al.  Corrosion of metal bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells: A review , 2010 .

[46]  Brian D. James,et al.  Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications. 2008 Update , 2010 .

[47]  Omar Z. Sharaf,et al.  An overview of fuel cell technology: Fundamentals and applications , 2014 .

[48]  D. Mahajan,et al.  Durability and characterization studies of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell’s coated aluminum bipolar plates and membrane electrode assembly , 2009 .

[49]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  State of the art on renewable and sustainable energy , 2013 .

[50]  A. Jimoh,et al.  The state of the art proton exchange membrane fuel cells for clean energy , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Energy Conference.

[51]  Shikha Jain,et al.  Hydrogen: A sustainable fuel for future of the transport sector , 2015 .

[52]  Mirela Atanasiu.  The Status of SOFC R&D in the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Program , 2015 .

[53]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  Design and development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using open pore cellular foam as flow plate material , 2014 .

[54]  Maria Saxe,et al.  Strategies for a road transport system based on renewable resources – The case of an import-independent Sweden in 2025 , 2010 .

[55]  Frank W. Geels,et al.  Socio-technical scenarios as a tool for transition policy: an example from the traffic and transport domain , 2002 .

[56]  J. Owejan,et al.  Two-Phase Flow Considerations in PEMFC Design and Operation , 2008 .

[57]  V. Antonucci,et al.  Technology up date and new strategies on fuel cells , 2001 .

[58]  M. Gaberšček,et al.  Preparation, characterization and properties of Pt-CuCo-reduced and Pt-on-Cu skin type bimetallic carbon-supported (Vulcan XC72) electrocatalysts , 2006 .

[59]  Teresa J. Leo,et al.  Exergy analysis of PEM fuel cells for marine applications , 2010 .

[60]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Improved anticorrosion properties and electrical conductivity of 316L stainless steel as bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell by lower temperature chromizing treatment , 2010 .

[61]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  Estimating vehicle emissions from road transport, case study: Dublin City , 2011 .

[62]  Yadollah Saboohi,et al.  Model for developing an eco-driving strategy of a passenger vehicle based on the least fuel consumption , 2009 .

[63]  John Turner,et al.  SnO2:F coated ferritic stainless steels for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates , 2007 .

[64]  Paul Leonard Adcock,et al.  New materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell current collectors , 1999 .

[65]  J. Baek,et al.  Graphene for energy conversion and storage in fuel cells and supercapacitors , 2012 .

[66]  M. Dassisti,et al.  Technologies and developments of third generation biofuel production , 2015 .

[67]  John A. Turner,et al.  SnO2:F coated austenite stainless steels for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates , 2007 .

[68]  Fabio Polonara,et al.  Life-cycle greenhouse gas analysis of LNG as a heavy vehicle fuel in Europe , 2010 .