On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: a literature review

[1]  G. Bronfort,et al.  Chiropractic clinical research: progress and recommendations. , 2006, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[2]  Henry Pollard,et al.  Can the ileocecal valve point predict low back pain using manual muscle testing , 2006 .

[3]  Ross M. Mullner,et al.  Clinical Epidemiology: The Essentials, 4th Edition , 2006 .

[4]  S. Cuthbert Proposed mechanisms and treatment strategies for motion sickness disorder: a case series. , 2006, Journal of chiropractic medicine.

[5]  S. Kreiner,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of the neurological upper limb examination II: Relation to symptoms of patterns of findings , 2006, BMC neurology.

[6]  S. Kreiner,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of the neurological upper limb examination I: Inter-rater reproducibility of selected findings and patterns , 2006, BMC neurology.

[7]  R. M. Goodall,et al.  Electronic comparison of toe strengths for diagnosis of lumbar nerve root lesions , 1986, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[8]  L. Bouter,et al.  Construct validity of instruments measuring impairments in body structures and function in rheumatic disorders: which constructs are selected for validation? A systematic review. , 2006, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[9]  M. Panjabi A hypothesis of chronic back pain: ligament subfailure injuries lead to muscle control dysfunction , 2006, European Spine Journal.

[10]  P. Pidcoe,et al.  Scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss: reliability and construct validity. , 2005, Physical therapy.

[11]  P. Hodges,et al.  Motor Unit Syncronization Is Reduced in Anterior Knee Pain , 2005 .

[12]  Richard W. Bohannon Manual muscle testing: does it meet the standards of an adequate screening test? , 2005, Clinical rehabilitation.

[13]  S. Cuthbert,et al.  Symptomatic Arnold-Chiari malformation and cranial nerve dysfunction: a case study of applied kinesiology cranial evaluation and treatment. , 2005, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[14]  M. J. Myers,et al.  Hip Muscle Weakness and Overuse Injuries in Recreational Runners , 2005, Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine.

[15]  H. Pollard,et al.  Interexaminer reliability of the deltoid and psoas muscle test. , 2005, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[16]  M. Hossain,et al.  A model of dynamic sacro-iliac joint instability from malrecruitment of gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscles resulting in low back pain. , 2005, Medical hypotheses.

[17]  P. Hodges,et al.  Motor unit synchronization is reduced in anterior knee pain. , 2005, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

[18]  P. Hodges,et al.  Delayed onset of transversus abdominus in long-standing groin pain. , 2004, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[19]  P. Hodges,et al.  Patients With Neck Pain Demonstrate Reduced Electromyographic Activity of the Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles During Performance of the Craniocervical Flexion Test , 2004, Spine.

[20]  H. Ulmer,et al.  New diagnostic and therapeutic approach to thyroid-associated orbitopathy based on applied kinesiology and homeopathic therapy. , 2004, Journal of alternative and complementary medicine.

[21]  JoAnne K. Gronley,et al.  The supine hip extensor manual muscle test: a reliability and validity study. , 2004, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[22]  Marcello L Caso Evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes via applied kinesiology: a case report of low back pain and congenital intestinal abnormality. , 2004, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[23]  E. Sorenson A comparison of muscle strength testing techniques in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , 2003, Neurology.

[24]  J. Rainville,et al.  Comparison of Four Tests of Quadriceps Strength in L3 or L4 Radiculopathies , 2003, Spine.

[25]  P. Hodges,et al.  Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms. , 2003, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.

[26]  P. Hodges,et al.  Evidence of altered lumbopelvic muscle recruitment in the presence of sacroiliac joint pain. , 2003, Spine.

[27]  J. Pickar Neurophysiological effects of spinal manipulation. , 2002, The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society.

[28]  Robert Frost Applied Kinesiology: A Training Manual and Reference Book of Basic Principles and Practices , 2002 .

[29]  Todd P. Stitik,et al.  Relationship Between Hip Muscle Imbalance and Occurrence of Low Back Pain in Collegiate Athletes: A Prospective Study , 2001, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[30]  D. Escolar,et al.  Clinical evaluator reliability for quantitative and manual muscle testing measures of strength in children , 2001, Muscle & nerve.

[31]  P. Hodges,et al.  Delayed onset of electromyographic activity of vastus medialis obliquus relative to vastus lateralis in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. , 2001, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

[32]  I. Fentiman,et al.  Applied kinesiology for treatment of women with mastalgia. , 2001, Breast.

[33]  Richard W. Bohannon Measuring Knee Extensor Muscle Strength , 2001, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[34]  G. Leisman,et al.  A Force/Displacement Analysis of Muscle Testing , 2000, Perceptual and Motor Skills.

[35]  Pringle Chiropractic: A philosophy for alternative health care , 2000, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[36]  David S. Walther,et al.  アプライド キネシオロジー シノプシス = Applied kinesiology synopsis , 2000 .

[37]  R. Rosenbaum Carpal tunnel syndrome and the myth of El Dorado , 1999, Muscle & nerve.

[38]  Jeffrey M. Greeson,et al.  Muscle Test Comparisons of Congruent and Incongruent Self-Referential Statements , 1999, Perceptual and motor skills.

[39]  W. H. Schmitt,et al.  Expanding the neurological examination using functional neurologic assessment: part II neurologic basis of applied kinesiology. , 1999, The International journal of neuroscience.

[40]  Nancy C. Cutter,et al.  Handbook of manual muscle testing , 1999 .

[41]  Alison Ashman Mcsp Mmacp Low Back Pain Mechanism, diagnosis and treatment , 1999 .

[42]  Gerry Leisman,et al.  Correlation of applied kinesiology muscle testing findings with serum immunoglobulin levels for food allergies. , 1998, The International journal of neuroscience.

[43]  Green Bn,et al.  George Goodheart, Jr., D.C., and a history of applied kinesiology. , 1997 .

[44]  L. Calderon,et al.  Interexaminer Agreement for Applied Kinesiology Manual Muscle Testing , 1997, Perceptual and motor skills.

[45]  B. Green,et al.  George Goodheart, Jr., D.C., and a history of applied kinesiology. , 1997, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[46]  C. Richardson,et al.  Multifidus Muscle Recovery Is Not Automatic After Resolution of Acute, First‐Episode Low Back Pain , 1996, Spine.

[47]  P. Hodges,et al.  Inefficient Muscular Stabilization of the Lumbar Spine Associated With Low Back Pain: A Motor Control Evaluation of Transversus Abdominis , 1996, Spine.

[48]  D. Wenger Essentials of the Spine , 1995 .

[49]  G. Leisman,et al.  Electromyographic Effects of Fatigue and Task Repetition on the Validity of Estimates of Strong and Weak Muscles in Applied Kinesiological Muscle-Testing Procedures , 1995, Perceptual and motor skills.

[50]  B. Falck,et al.  The Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Five Years After Surgery for a Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation , 1993, Spine.

[51]  P. Ebrall A blinded randomized clinical trial of manual therapy and physiotherapy for chronic back and neck complaints: physical outcome measures. , 1993, Spine.

[52]  M E Cohen,et al.  Relationship between two measures of upper extremity strength: manual muscle test compared to hand-held myometry. , 1992, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[53]  A. Silman,et al.  Statistical methods for assessing observer variability in clinical measures. , 1992, BMJ.

[54]  P. Whincup,et al.  Randomised clinical trial of manipulative therapy and physiotherapy for persistent back and neck complaints: results of one year follow up. , 1992, BMJ.

[55]  J P Miller,et al.  Intrarater reliability of manual muscle test (Medical Research Council scale) grades in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. , 1992, Physical therapy.

[56]  A. Frank,et al.  Low back pain of mechanical origin: randomized comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient treatment. , 1991, The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.

[57]  J. P. Lund,et al.  The pain-adaptation model: a discussion of the relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain and motor activity. , 1991, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[58]  J. Fleiss,et al.  Reliability of testing measures in Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. , 1991, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[59]  F. Goubel,et al.  Objective measurement of proprioceptive technique consequences on muscular maximal voluntary contraction during manual muscle testing. , 1991, Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression.

[60]  A O Frank,et al.  Low back pain of mechanical origin: randomised comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient treatment. , 1990, BMJ.

[61]  Hsieh Cy,et al.  Reliability of manual muscle testing with a computerized dynamometer. , 1990, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[62]  J. Mendell,et al.  Manual muscle testing , 1990, Muscle & nerve.

[63]  L. Bouter,et al.  Review of the book Low Back Pain of mechanical origin: randomized comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient treatment, Meade, T.W., Dyer, S. , 1990 .

[64]  A. Feinstein,et al.  High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. , 1990, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[65]  R B Phillips,et al.  Reliability of manual muscle testing with a computerized dynamometer. , 1990, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[66]  C. S. Masarsky,et al.  Chiropractic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 1988, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[67]  G. Brewer Changes in electrical activity in muscles resulting from chiropractic adjustment: a pilot study. , 1988, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[68]  T. Mayer,et al.  Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation: II. A Comparison with Isokinetic Lifting in a Disabled Chronic Low-Back Pain Industrial Population , 1988, Spine.

[69]  P. Shambaugh Changes in electrical activity in muscles resulting from chiropractic adjustment: a pilot study. , 1987, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[70]  D H Nielsen,et al.  Intrarater reliability of manual muscle testing and hand-held dynametric muscle testing. , 1987, Physical therapy.

[71]  B. J. Norton,et al.  Clinical reliability of manual muscle testing. Middle trapezius and gluteus medius muscles. , 1987, Physical therapy.

[72]  A. Schultz,et al.  Correlation of Objective Measure of Trunk Motion and Muscle Function with Low-back Disability Ratings , 1987, Spine.

[73]  R. Gillette,et al.  A model for the evaluation of chiropractic methods. , 1987, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[74]  J. Keating A model for the evaluation of chiropractic methods. , 1987, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[75]  J. Fleiss The design and analysis of clinical experiments , 1987 .

[76]  R W Bohannon,et al.  Manual muscle test scores and dynamometer test scores of knee extension strength. , 1986, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[77]  T. Mayer,et al.  1985 Volvo Award in Clinical Sciences: Objective Assessment of Spine Function Following Industrial Injury: A Prospective Study with Comparison Group and One-Year Follow-Up , 1985 .

[78]  Silvano Mior,et al.  Muscle Testing, Techniques of Manual Examination , 1985 .

[79]  J. M. Rothstein Measurement in physical therapy , 1985 .

[80]  T. Mayer,et al.  Objective assessment of spine function following industrial injury. A prospective study with comparison group and one-year follow-up. , 1985, Spine.

[81]  William H. Barker,et al.  CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY: THE ESSENTIALS. , 1984 .

[82]  F. Biering-Sørensen Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. , 1984, Spine.

[83]  M. Province,et al.  Clinical trials in Duchenne dystrophy. Standardization and reliability of evaluation procedures. , 1984, Physical therapy.

[84]  V. Janda,et al.  Muscle Function Testing , 1983 .

[85]  J A Nicholas,et al.  The efficacy of manual assessment of muscle strength using a new device , 1982, The American journal of sports medicine.

[86]  D. Warwick,et al.  Trunk Strengths in Attempted Flexion, Extension, and Lateral Bending in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Low‐Back Disorders , 1980, Spine.

[87]  Trunk Strengths in Patients Seeking Hospitalization for Chronic Low‐Back Disorders , 1980, Spine.

[88]  B. Nordgren,et al.  Evaluation and prediction of back pain during military field service. , 1980 .

[89]  P. Komi,et al.  Back and leg complaints in relation to muscle strength in young men. , 1980, Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[90]  G Wickström,et al.  Diminished dynamic performance capacity of back and abdominal muscles in concrete reinforcement workers. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[91]  J. Basmajian,et al.  Muscles and Movements: A Basis for Human Kinesiology , 1977 .

[92]  H. Devries MUSCLES ALIVE-THEIR FUNCTIONS REVEALED BY ELECTROMYOGRAPHY , 1976 .

[93]  D B Chaffin,et al.  A longitudinal study of low-back pain as associated with occupational weight lifting factors. , 1973, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[94]  F. P. Kendall,et al.  Muscles, testing and function , 1971 .

[95]  O. J. Lewis Muscles and Movements. A Basis for Human Kinesiology , 1971 .

[96]  M. Silver,et al.  Further standardization of manual muscle test for clinical study: applied in chronic renal disease. , 1970, Physical therapy.

[97]  J Cyriax,et al.  Posture and pain. , 1969, District nursing.

[98]  A. Nachemson,et al.  Measurement of abdominal and back muscle strength with and without low back pain. , 2018, Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[99]  L. F. Bender,et al.  Muscles Alive: Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography , 1967 .

[100]  E. Kaplan Muscles Alive. Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography. J. V. Basmajian. Baltimore, The Williams and Wilkins Co., 1962. $8.50 , 1962 .

[101]  W. A. Spencer,et al.  Muscle Testing: Part 2. Reliability in Clinical Use , 1961 .

[102]  W. A. Spencer,et al.  Muscle testing. 2. Reliability in clinical use. , 1961, The Physical therapy review.

[103]  L. Blair The role of the physical therapist in the evaluation studies of the poliomyelitis vaccine field trials. , 1957, The Physical therapy review.

[104]  A. Lilienfeld,et al.  A study of the reproducibility of muscle testing and certain other aspects of muscle scoring. , 1954, The Physical therapy review.

[105]  R. Lovett,et al.  CERTAIN ASPECTS OF INFANTILE PARALYSIS: WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A METHOD OF MUSCLE TESTING , 1916 .

[106]  R. Lovett,et al.  A METHOD OF TESTING MUSCULAR STRENGTH IN INFANTILE PARALYSIS , 1915 .