Insight into the Pore Structure of Tight Sandstones Using NMR and HPMI Measurements

Laboratory measurements including porosity, permeability, high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, and microscopic analysis of thin sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to provide insights into the microscopic pore structure of the Xujiahe Formation tight sandstones in Sichuan Basin. The relationships between microscopic pore structure parameters, such as pore geometry, pore size distribution, pore network, and macroscopic consequences, such as permeability, reservoir quality index, Swanson parameter, fractal dimension as well as NMR parameters, have been investigated. The results show that the pore systems are dominated by secondary dissolution porosity with minor amounts of primary porosity and microfracture. NMR T2 pore size distributions are either uni- or multimodal. Long T2 components are not frequently present due to the lack of the macropores, whereas as shorter T2 components dominate the T2 spectrum. T2gm (the geometric mean ...

[1]  L. Shao,et al.  Linked sequence stratigraphy and tectonics in the Sichuan continental foreland basin, Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, southwest China , 2014 .

[2]  D. Franco,et al.  Petrophysical studies of north American carbonate rock samples and evaluation of pore-volume compressibility models , 2015 .

[3]  Slawomir Kulesza,et al.  A comparative study of correlation methods for determination of fractal parameters in surface characterization , 2014 .

[4]  Y. Liu,et al.  Fractal Analysis of Shale Pore Structure of Continental Gas Shale Reservoir in the Ordos Basin, NW China , 2016 .

[5]  E. Pittman.  Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection-capillary pressure curves for sandstone , 1992 .

[6]  Q. Hu,et al.  Wettability of Mississippian Barnett Shale samples at different depths: Investigations from directional spontaneous imbibition , 2016 .

[7]  Jiafei Zhao,et al.  Fractal analysis and its impact factors on pore structure of artificial cores based on the images obtained using magnetic resonance imaging , 2012 .

[8]  Q. Hu,et al.  Estimating permeability using median pore-throat radius obtained from mercury intrusion porosimetry , 2013 .

[9]  Guiwen Wang,et al.  Fractal analysis of tight gas sandstones using high-pressure mercury intrusion techniques , 2015 .

[10]  J. Schön,et al.  Pore space characterization in carbonate rocks — Approach to combine nuclear magnetic resonance and elastic wave velocity measurements , 2016 .

[11]  Hugh Daigle,et al.  Determining fractal dimension from nuclear magnetic resonance data in rocks with internal magnetic field gradients , 2014 .

[12]  Guiwen Wang,et al.  Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Pore Structure of Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs: Evidence from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kelasu Thrust Belts, Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin of West China , 2015 .

[13]  Shuichang Zhang,et al.  Petroleum geology of the Puguang sour gas field in the Sichuan Basin, SW China , 2008 .

[14]  C. Clauser,et al.  Improved Interpretation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance T1 and T2 Distributions for Permeability Prediction: Simulation of Diffusion Coupling for a Fractal Cluster of Pores , 2009 .

[15]  Q. Fisher,et al.  Permeability in Rotliegend gas sandstones to gas and brine as predicted from NMR, mercury injection and image analysis , 2015 .

[16]  R. H. Lander,et al.  Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs: Origin and predictability , 2001 .

[17]  Yi Jin,et al.  Lattice Boltzmann simulation of fluid flow through coal reservoir’s fractal pore structure , 2013, Science China Earth Sciences.

[18]  Taha M. Okasha,et al.  Comparison of permeability models using mercury injection capillary pressure data on carbonate rock samples , 2014 .

[19]  Liang Xiao,et al.  Estimation of Permeability by Integrating Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Logs with Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) Data in Tight Gas Sands , 2013 .

[20]  Improved Assessment of Interconnected Porosity in Multiple-Porosity Rocks by Use of Nanoparticle Contrast Agents and Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Relaxation Measurements , 2016 .

[21]  C. Zou,et al.  A new methodology of constructing pseudo capillary pressure (Pc) curves from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs , 2016 .

[22]  Wenfeng Li,et al.  Fractal dimensions of shale , 2016 .

[23]  Christopher R. Clarkson,et al.  Pore structure characterization of North American shale gas reservoirs using USANS/SANS, gas adsorption, and mercury intrusion , 2013 .

[24]  Ali Saeedi,et al.  Tight gas sands permeability estimation from mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance data , 2012 .

[25]  Philip H. Nelson,et al.  Pore-throat sizes in sandstones, tight sandstones, and shales , 2009 .

[26]  Hu Shipeng,et al.  Geochemical characteristics of natural gases in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin, SW China , 2013 .

[27]  B. R. Turner,et al.  Reservoir Heterogeneities, in Fractured Fluvial Reservoirs of the Buchan Oilfield (Central North Sea) , 2001 .

[28]  Guiwen Wang,et al.  Predictive distribution of high-quality reservoirs of tight gas sandstones by linking diagenesis to depositional facies: Evidence from Xu-2 sandstones in the Penglai area of the central Sichuan basin, China , 2015 .

[29]  A. Lala,et al.  Effect of pore framework and radius of pore throats on permeability estimation , 2015 .

[30]  Feng Yang,et al.  Fractal characteristics of shales from a shale gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin, China , 2014 .

[31]  Lionel Esteban,et al.  Experimental evaluation of reservoir quality in Mesozoic formations of the Perth Basin (Western Australia) by using a laboratory low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance , 2014 .

[32]  Yiren Fan,et al.  Determination of nuclear magnetic resonance T2 cutoff value based on multifractal theory — An application in sandstone with complex pore structure , 2015 .

[33]  Characterization of flow units in shaly sand reservoirs—Hassi R'mel Oil Rim, Algeria , 2006 .

[34]  Xiangxiang Zhang,et al.  How does the pore-throat size control the reservoir quality and oiliness of tight sandstones? The case of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin, China , 2016 .

[35]  Roland N. Horne,et al.  Fractal modeling of capillary pressure curves for The Geysers rocks , 2006 .

[36]  A. D. Johnson,et al.  Combining Mercury Intrusion and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements Using Percolation Theory , 2016, Transport in Porous Media.

[37]  Boming Yu,et al.  Fractal analysis of dimensionless capillary pressure function , 2014 .

[38]  D. Boutt,et al.  Systematic diagenetic changes in the grain-scale morphology and permeability of a quartz-cemented quartz arenite , 2011 .

[39]  B. F. Swanson.  A Simple Correlation Between Permeabilities and Mercury Capillary Pressures , 1981 .

[40]  Alkiviades C. Payatakes,et al.  Characterization of the pore structure of reservoir rocks with the aid of serial sectioning analysis, mercury porosimetry and network simulation , 2000 .

[41]  Wenzhi Zhao,et al.  Petroleum systems of Chinese nonmarine basins , 2010 .

[42]  S. Tarafdar,et al.  Fractal pore structure of sedimentary rocks: Simulation in 2-d using a relaxed bidisperse ballistic deposition model , 2012 .

[43]  P. Krakowska,et al.  Rock Reservoir Properties from the Comprehensive Interpretation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mercury Injection Porosimetry Laboratory Results , 2014, Applied Magnetic Resonance.

[44]  Xinmin Ge,et al.  An improvement of the fractal theory and its application in pore structure evaluation and permeability estimation , 2016 .

[45]  S. P. Dutton,et al.  Diagenetic controls on evolution of porosity and permeability in lower Tertiary Wilcox sandstones from shallow to ultradeep (200–6700 m) burial, Gulf of Mexico Basin, U.S.A. , 2010 .

[46]  Steven L. Bryant,et al.  Effect of pore structure on the producibility of tight-gas sandstones , 2014 .

[47]  Yang Wang,et al.  Characteristics of the Nanoscale Pore Structure in Northwestern Hunan Shale Gas Reservoirs Using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, High-Pressure Mercury Intrusion, and Gas Adsorption , 2014 .

[48]  Kewen Li,et al.  Analytical derivation of Brooks-Corey type capillary pressure models using fractal geometry and evaluation of rock heterogeneity , 2010 .

[49]  Youhong Sun,et al.  Evaluation of the porous structure of Huadian oil shale during pyrolysis using multiple approaches , 2017 .

[50]  C. Crânganu,et al.  PETROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOURCE AND RESERVOIR ROCKS IN THE HISTRIA BASIN, WESTERN BLACK SEA , 2009 .

[51]  Hossain Rahimpour-Bonab,et al.  Diagenetic controlled reservoir quality of South Pars gas field, an integrated approach , 2010 .

[52]  Shuichang Zhang,et al.  Gas genetic type and origin of hydrogen sulfide in the Zhongba gas field of the western Sichuan Basin, China , 2011 .

[53]  Celso Peres Fernandes,et al.  Characterization of pore systems in seal rocks using Nitrogen Gas Adsorption combined with Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure techniques , 2013 .

[54]  S. Tao,et al.  Stable carbon isotopes of alkane gases from the Xujiahe coal measures and implication for gas-source correlation in the Sichuan Basin, SW China , 2009 .

[55]  R. Sigal.  Pore-Size Distributions for Organic-Shale-Reservoir Rocks From Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Spectra Combined With Adsorption Measurements , 2015 .

[56]  H. Li,et al.  Determination of movable fluid percentage and movable fluid porosity in ultra-low permeability sandstone using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique , 2015 .

[57]  H. Daigle,et al.  Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shallow marine sediments from the Nankai Trough, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 333 , 2014 .

[58]  R. Swennen,et al.  Microfacies, depositional environment and diagenetic evolution controls on the reservoir quality of the Permian Upper Dalan Formation, Kish Gas Field, Zagros Basin , 2015 .

[59]  Robert P. Ewing,et al.  Low pore connectivity in natural rock. , 2012, Journal of contaminant hydrology.

[60]  Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din,et al.  Characteristics of high-permeability zones using core analysis, and production logging data , 2007 .