Review of accelerator driven heavy ion nuclear fusion

Using high energy accelerators for energy production by nuclear fission goes back to the 1950's with plans for “breeder accelerators” as well as with early ideas on subcritical reactors, which are currently pursued in China and other countries. Also, fusion came in, when the idea emerged in the mid 1970's to use accelerators and their highly time and space compressed beams in order to generate the extremely high density and temperatures required for inertial fusion energy production. Due to the higher repetition rates and efficiencies of accelerators, this was seen as a promising alternative to using high power lasers. After an introduction to nuclear fission applications of accelerators, this review summarizes some of the scientific developments directed towards this challenging application – with focus on the European HIDIF-study- and outlines parameters of future high energy density experiments after construction of the FAIR/Germany and HIAF/China heavy ion accelerator projects.Using high energy accelerators for energy production by nuclear fission goes back to the 1950's with plans for “breeder accelerators” as well as with early ideas on subcritical reactors, which are currently pursued in China and other countries. Also, fusion came in, when the idea emerged in the mid 1970's to use accelerators and their highly time and space compressed beams in order to generate the extremely high density and temperatures required for inertial fusion energy production. Due to the higher repetition rates and efficiencies of accelerators, this was seen as a promising alternative to using high power lasers. After an introduction to nuclear fission applications of accelerators, this review summarizes some of the scientific developments directed towards this challenging application – with focus on the European HIDIF-study- and outlines parameters of future high energy density experiments after construction of the FAIR/Germany and HIAF/China heavy ion accelerator projects.

[1]  Carlo Rubbia,et al.  Conceptual design of a fast neutron operated high power energy amplifier , 1995 .

[2]  O. Rosmej,et al.  High Energy Density Physics with Heavy Ion Beams and related Interaction Phenomena , 2010 .

[3]  B. Sharkov,et al.  High energy density physics with intense ion beams , 2016 .

[4]  S. Kawata,et al.  Review of Heavy-Ion Inertial Fusion Physics , 2015, 1511.06508.

[5]  C. Rubbia.  Particle accelerator developments and their applicability to ignition devices for inertial fusion , 1989 .

[6]  P. Spiller,et al.  Optics of final beam transport and focusing for a heavy-ion ignition facility , 1998 .

[7]  Gregory A. Moses,et al.  HIBALL—A conceptual design study of a heavy-ion driven inertial confinement fusion power plant , 1982 .

[8]  M Tomislav Pavlovic,et al.  Residual activity induced by heavy ions and beam-loss criteria for heavy-ion accelerators , 2010 .

[9]  W. Meier,et al.  Automated target production for inertial fusion energy , 1994 .

[10]  J. Meyer-ter-Vehn,et al.  Experimental observation of enhanced stopping of heavy ions in a hydrogen plasma , 1988, Physical review letters.

[11]  J. Meyer-ter-Vehn,et al.  On energy gain of fusion targets: the model of Kidder and Bodner improved , 1982 .

[12]  C. Prior,et al.  Multiturn injection and lattice design for HIDIF , 1998 .

[13]  E. Moses,et al.  The National Ignition Facility , 2004 .

[14]  J. Maruhn,et al.  Reduction of Radiation Asymmetry with Radiation Shields in Indirectly Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion Hohlraum Targets , 1997 .

[15]  H. Takahashi,et al.  Breeding nuclear fuels with accelerators — replacement for breeder reactors☆ , 1985 .

[16]  B. J. MacGowan,et al.  The national ignition facility: path to ignition in the laboratory , 2007 .

[17]  L. Laslett,et al.  STABILITY OF THE KAPCHINSKIJ-VLADIMIRSKIJ (K-V) DISTRIBUTION IN LONG PERIODIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS , 1983 .

[18]  I. Hofmann.  Principles of non-Liouvillean pulse compression by photoionization for heavy-ion fusion drivers , 1990 .

[19]  M. Reiser,et al.  Theoretical studies of envelope oscillations and instabilities of mismatched intense charged-particle beams in periodic focusing channels , 1984 .

[20]  J. Lindl.  Development of the indirect‐drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain , 1995 .

[21]  W. Crandall,et al.  Neutron Production at High Energies , 1958 .

[22]  P. Spiller,et al.  FAIR—Status and relevance for heavy ion fusion , 2014 .

[23]  Wayne R. Meier,et al.  A 3.3MJ, Rb+1 driver design based on an integrated systems analysis , 2001 .

[24]  A. Mueller.  Transmutation of Nuclear Waste and the future MYRRHA Demonstrator , 2012, 1210.4297.

[25]  C. Bowman.  ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE TRANSMUTATION , 1998 .

[26]  R. Bangerter.  The U.S. heavy-ion fusion program , 1998 .

[27]  M. Tiefenback,et al.  Measurements of Stability Limits for a Space-Charge-Dominated Ion Beam in a Long a. G. Transport Channel , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[28]  Gregory A. Moses,et al.  Inertial confinement fusion , 1982 .