Multi-dimensional coherent optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures: Collinear and non-collinear approaches

We review our recent work on multi-dimensional coherent optical spectroscopy (MDCS) of semiconductor nanostructures. Two approaches, appropriate for the study of semiconductor materials, are presented and compared. A first method is based on a non-collinear geometry, where the Four-Wave-Mixing (FWM) signal is detected in the form of a radiated optical field. This approach works for samples with translational symmetry, such as Quantum Wells (QWs) or large and dense ensembles of Quantum Dots (QDs). A second method detects the FWM in the form of a photocurrent in a collinear geometry. This second approach extends the horizon of MDCS to sub-diffraction nanostructures, such as single QDs, nanowires, or nanotubes, and small ensembles thereof. Examples of experimental results obtained on semiconductor QW structures are given for each method. In particular, it is shown how MDCS can assess coupling between excitons confined in separated QWs.

[1]  R. Hochstrasser,et al.  Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy of peptides by phase-controlled femtosecond vibrational photon echoes. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[2]  Xiangfeng Duan,et al.  Highly Polarized Photoluminescence and Photodetection from Single Indium Phosphide Nanowires , 2001, Science.

[3]  D. Bimberg,et al.  Ultralong dephasing time in InGaAs quantum dots. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[4]  Peter Hamm,et al.  Nonlinear two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy of peptides , 2002 .

[5]  A. Zrenner,et al.  Coherent properties of a two-level system based on a quantum-dot photodiode , 2002, Nature.

[6]  Peifang Tian,et al.  Femtosecond Phase-Coherent Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy , 2003, Science.

[7]  D. Jonas Two-dimensional femtosecond spectroscopy. , 2003, Annual review of physical chemistry.

[8]  Andrei Tokmakoff,et al.  Coherent 2D IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Structure and Dynamics in Solution , 2003 .

[9]  Jun Ye,et al.  Colloquium: Femtosecond optical frequency combs , 2003 .

[10]  Tianhao Zhang,et al.  Optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy with active interferometric stabilization. , 2005, Optics express.

[11]  Graham R. Fleming,et al.  Two-dimensional spectroscopy of electronic couplings in photosynthesis , 2005, Nature.

[12]  Tianhao Zhang,et al.  Many-body interactions in semiconductors probed by optical two-dimensional fourier transform spectroscopy. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[13]  Brian Patton,et al.  Heterodyne spectral interferometry for multidimensional nonlinear spectroscopy of individual quantum systems. , 2006, Optics letters.

[14]  G. Fleming,et al.  Measuring electronic coupling in the reaction center of purple photosynthetic bacteria by two-color, three-pulse photon echo peak shift spectroscopy. , 2002, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[15]  Andrew H Marcus,et al.  Fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic coherence spectroscopy by acousto-optic phase modulation. , 2007, The Journal of chemical physics.

[16]  Matthew A. Montgomery,et al.  Facile collection of two-dimensional electronic spectra using femtosecond pulse-shaping Technology. , 2007, Optics express.

[17]  S. Mukamel,et al.  Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy of two-exciton resonances in semiconductor quantum wells. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[18]  Linyou Cao,et al.  Engineering light absorption in semiconductor nanowire devices. , 2009, Nature materials.

[19]  Daniel B. Turner,et al.  Two-Quantum 2D FT Electronic Spectroscopy of Biexcitons in GaAs Quantum Wells , 2009, Science.

[20]  Alan D. Bristow,et al.  Polarization dependence of semiconductor exciton and biexciton contributions to phase-resolved optical two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectra , 2008, 0812.2914.

[21]  R Jimenez,et al.  A versatile ultrastable platform for optical multidimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy. , 2009, The Review of scientific instruments.

[22]  Richard P. Mirin,et al.  Investigation of electronic coupling in semiconductor double quantum wells using coherent optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy , 2009 .

[23]  Galan Moody,et al.  Resonance lineshapes in two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. , 2010, Optics express.

[24]  Shaul Mukamel,et al.  Two-quantum many-body coherences in two-dimensional fourier-transform spectra of exciton resonances in semiconductor quantum wells. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[25]  Gerhard Abstreiter,et al.  Ultrafast few-fermion optoelectronics in a single self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot , 2010 .

[26]  Alan D. Bristow,et al.  Two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy of potassium vapor , 2010, CLEO/QELS: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[27]  D. Gammon,et al.  Exciton-exciton and exciton-phonon interactions in an interfacial GaAs quantum dot ensemble , 2011 .

[28]  Christian Strüber,et al.  Coherent Two-Dimensional Nanoscopy , 2011, Science.

[29]  S. T. Cundiff,et al.  A versatile ultrastable platform for optical multidimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy. , 2009, The Review of scientific instruments.

[30]  D. Gammon,et al.  Exciton relaxation and coupling dynamics in a GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum well and quantum dot ensemble , 2011 .

[31]  Daniel B. Turner,et al.  Invited article: The coherent optical laser beam recombination technique (COLBERT) spectrometer: coherent multidimensional spectroscopy made easier. , 2011, The Review of scientific instruments.

[32]  Brian Patton,et al.  Coherent coupling between distant excitons revealed by two-dimensional nonlinear hyperspectral imaging , 2011 .

[33]  P. McEuen,et al.  Ultrafast photocurrent measurement of the escape time of electrons and holes from carbon nanotube p-i-n photodiodes. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[34]  Marten Richter,et al.  Two-dimensional double-quantum spectra reveal collective resonances in an atomic vapor. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[35]  Wei Bao,et al.  Mapping Local Charge Recombination Heterogeneity by Multidimensional Nanospectroscopic Imaging , 2012, Science.

[36]  Galan Moody,et al.  Persistent exciton-type many-body interactions in GaAs quantum wells measured using two-dimensional optical spectroscopy , 2012 .

[37]  David Beljonne,et al.  The Role of Driving Energy and Delocalized States for Charge Separation in Organic Semiconductors , 2012, Science.

[38]  S. Mukamel,et al.  Optical multidimensional coherent spectroscopy , 2013 .

[39]  Galan Moody,et al.  Unraveling quantum pathways using optical 3D Fourier-transform spectroscopy , 2013, Nature Communications.

[40]  P. Krogstrup,et al.  Single-nanowire solar cells beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit , 2013, 1301.1068.

[41]  G. Nardin,et al.  Multidimensional coherent photocurrent spectroscopy of a semiconductor nanostructure. , 2013, Optics express.

[42]  Klaus Pierz,et al.  Anisotropic homogeneous linewidth of the heavy-hole exciton in (110)-oriented GaAs quantum wells , 2013 .

[43]  M. Bayer,et al.  Correlation and dephasing effects on the non-radiative coherence between bright excitons in an InAs QD ensemble measured with 2D spectroscopy , 2012, 1212.6941.

[44]  Jeffrey A. Davis,et al.  Three-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of excitons in asymmetric double quantum wells , 2013 .

[45]  D. Gammon,et al.  Influence of confinement on biexciton binding in semiconductor quantum dot ensembles measured with two-dimensional spectroscopy , 2013 .

[46]  Galan Moody,et al.  Coherent excitonic coupling in an asymmetric double InGaAs quantum well arises from many-body effects. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[47]  Thomas A A Oliver,et al.  Correlating the motion of electrons and nuclei with two-dimensional electronic–vibrational spectroscopy , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[48]  Jeffrey A. Davis,et al.  Isolating quantum coherence using coherent multi-dimensional spectroscopy with spectrally shaped pulses. , 2014, Optics express.

[49]  G Karczewski,et al.  Coherent coupling of excitons and trions in a photoexcited CdTe/CdMgTe quantum well. , 2014, Physical review letters.