Embedded Virtual Reality for Travel Security

This study presents an empirical evidence of benefit of narrative video clips in embedded virtual reality (VR) websites of hotels for relieving travel security concern. Even though it was proven that VR functions do provide some relief in travel security concern, a stronger VR website can be built when narrative video clips that show video clips with narration about important aspects of the hotel. Thus we created a video clip that showed and narrated about the escape route from the hotel room, another video clip that showed and narrated about surrounding neighborhood. We then conducted experiments with this enhanced VR website of a hotel by having human subjects play with the website and fill out a questionnaire. The result confirms our hypothesis that there is a statistically significant relationship between the degree of travel security concern and psychological relief caused by the use of embedded VR functions with narrative video clips of a hotel website.

[1]  L. Moutinho,et al.  Using Neural Networks to Understand Service Risk in the Holiday Product , 1999 .

[2]  Andrew Lepp,et al.  TOURIST ROLES, PERCEIVED RISK AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM , 2003 .

[3]  C. Pull Current status of virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: editorial review. , 2005, Current opinion in psychiatry.

[4]  Neil Carr,et al.  An exploratory study of gendered differences in young tourists perception of danger within London , 2001 .

[5]  D. Guevremont,et al.  Contemporary Behavior Therapy , 1983 .

[6]  R. McNally,et al.  How does anxiety sensitivity vary across the anxiety disorders , 1992 .

[7]  Brenda K. Wiederhold,et al.  The Potential for Virtual Reality to Improve Health Care , 2007 .

[8]  R. P. McDonald,et al.  Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis : The effect of sample size , 1988 .

[9]  M. Kozak,et al.  Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information. , 1986, Psychological bulletin.

[10]  B. Muthén,et al.  Assessing Reliability and Stability in Panel Models , 1977 .

[11]  Ook Lee,et al.  The Impact of Virtual Reality Functions of a Hotel Website on Travel Anxiety , 2007, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[12]  Rob Kooper,et al.  Presence as the Defining Factor in a VR Application , 1994 .

[13]  P. Bentler,et al.  Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures , 1980 .

[14]  Y. Reisinger,et al.  Travel Anxiety and Intentions to Travel Internationally: Implications of Travel Risk Perception , 2005 .

[15]  R. Staelin,et al.  A Model of Perceived Risk and Intended Risk-handling Activity , 1994 .

[16]  Max M. North,et al.  Effectiveness of Virtual Environment Desensitization in the Treatment of Agoraphobia , 1996, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[17]  J. H. Davis,et al.  An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust , 1995 .

[18]  Simon Carter,et al.  Tourists' and travellers' social construction of Africa and Asia as risky locations , 1998 .

[19]  A. Bandura Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control , 1997, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[20]  R. O’Brien,et al.  A Caution Regarding Rules of Thumb for Variance Inflation Factors , 2007 .

[21]  J. Roggenbuck,et al.  Nature/Person Transactions During An Outdoor Adventure Experience: A Multi-Phasic Analysis , 1998 .

[22]  Mel Slater,et al.  Public Speaking in Virtual Reality: Facing an Audience of Avatars , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[23]  A. Graefe,et al.  Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions. , 1998 .