Reduction of motion artifacts in three-dimensional CT-DSA using constrained adaptive multilevel free-form registration

Abstract In this paper, we describe the application of an intensity-based nonrigid registration algorithm to (3-D) CT-digital subtraction angiography (CT-DSA). On a uniform control point grid (CPG), a B-spline deformation is computed, which maximizes the normalized mutual information (NMI) similarity measure between the 3-D pre- and post-contrast CT images. This transformation is then applied when computing subtraction images. We demonstrate that this algorithm can measure nonrigid patient motion between the image acquisitions and substantially reduces motion artifacts relative to results obtained with rigid-body registration.