Experimental Optimization of Selective Hydrazine Detection in Flow Injection Analysis Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Copper Porphyrin Occluded into Zeolite Cavity

A carbon paste electrode modified with copper porphyrin occluded into zeolite cavity was developed for sensing hydrazine in flow system. The sensor presented a high sensitivity and selectivity for hydrazine concentration in the flow system. The flow system was optimized by factorial design considering a two level, three factor factorial design (the factors were applied potential, sampling volume and flow rate). The sensitivity and analytical frequency were considered as the most important parameters for the system. The best condition for the system was sampling volume of 50 μl, applied potential of 270 mV vs. SCE and a flow rate of 1 ml min-1. In this optimized condition, the electrode can improve its stability, sensitivity and selectivity. The operational range was between 5 up to 60 μmol l-1, adjusted by the equation Y=1.9(±0.1)+0.20(±0.01)[hydrazine]-0.0014(±0.0001)[hydrazine]2, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 for n=8. The analytical frequency was about 70 determinations per hour and the system was stable for at least two months in continuous use.

[1]  J. Burguera,et al.  Factorial design for the response exploration of a flow injection system. , 1995, Talanta.

[2]  Elizabeth Fátima Perez,et al.  Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrazine Based on Silica Modified with Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine , 1998 .

[3]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Electrocatalysis and measurements of hydrazine compounds at glassy carbon electrodes coated with electropolymerized 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde films , 1996 .

[4]  A. Downard,et al.  Amperometric techniques in flow-injection analysis: determination of magnesium in sera and natural waters , 1992 .

[5]  J. S. Hunter,et al.  Statistics for experimenters : an introduction to design, data analysis, and model building , 1979 .

[6]  C. Bing,et al.  Accumulation and voltammetric determination of complexed metal ions at zeolite-modified sensor electrodes. , 1996, Talanta.

[7]  R. Henrion,et al.  Multivariate correction of chemical interferences in hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry , 1992 .

[8]  G. Mabbott.  An introduction to cyclic voltammetry , 1983 .

[9]  Alain Walcarius,et al.  Zeolite-modified carbon paste electrode for selective monitoring of dopamine , 1996 .

[10]  T. Golden,et al.  Cobalt phthalocyanine/cellulose acetate chemically modified electrodes for electrochemical detection in flowing streams. Multifunctional operation based upon the coupling of electrocatalysis and permselectivity. , 1988, Analytical chemistry.

[11]  G. Kateman,et al.  Experimental optimization procedures in the determination of phosphate by flow-injection analysis , 1983 .

[12]  E. Wang,et al.  Amperometric flow-injection analysis of hydrazine by electrocatalytic oxidation at cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin modified electrode with heat treatment. , 1992, Talanta.

[13]  A. Walcarius,et al.  Cation determination in aqueous solution using the methyl viologen-doped zeolite-modified carbon paste electrode , 1995 .

[14]  Richard O'Kennedy,et al.  Development of an amperometric immunosensor based on flow injection analysis for the detection of red blood cells , 1997 .

[15]  G. Calzaferri,et al.  Copper-zeolite-modified electrodes: An intrazeolite ion transport mechanism , 1994 .

[16]  R. Baldwin,et al.  Electrochemical Detection of Ribonucleotides At A Carbon Paste Electrode Containing Cobalt Phthalocyanine , 1989 .

[17]  E. Wang,et al.  Flow-injection amperometric detection of hydrazine by electrocalytic oxidation at a Prussian Blue film-modified electrode , 1992 .

[18]  G. Watt,et al.  Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Hydrazine , 1952 .

[19]  T. Nyokong,et al.  Electrocatalytic oxidation of cysteine by molybdenum(V) phthalocyanine complexes , 1996 .

[20]  P. Wood.  Determination of Maleic Hydrazide Residues in Plant and Animal Tissue , 1953 .

[21]  Jaromir Růžička,et al.  Flow injection analysis , 1981 .