Communication-aware consensus for frequency restoration in islanded MicroGrids

MicroGrids (MGs) include spatially distributed generation (DG) systems and loads that may require operating autonomously in islanded mode. The operation of islanded MGs can benefit from consensus theory and practice, which are the foundations of distributed control. One of the main features of consensus strategies is that they rely on a cooperative scheme where inverters are required to communicate with their neighbors. Therefore properties of the communication network become fundamental. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it analyses the impact that communication properties such as transmission interval and message dropouts have in a given consensus-based frequency restoration strategy. Second, new design guidelines for the consensus policy are derived considering the communication dynamics as an opportunity for performance improvement.

[1]  Suryanarayana Doolla,et al.  Multiagent-Based Distributed-Energy-Resource Management for Intelligent Microgrids , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[2]  Juan C. Vasquez,et al.  Secondary Frequency and Voltage Control of Islanded Microgrids via Distributed Averaging , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[3]  Wenwu Yu,et al.  An Overview of Recent Progress in the Study of Distributed Multi-Agent Coordination , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[4]  Karl Henrik Johansson,et al.  Distributed Control of Networked Dynamical Systems: Static Feedback, Integral Action and Consensus , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[5]  Hossein Lotfi,et al.  State of the Art in Research on Microgrids: A Review , 2015, IEEE Access.

[6]  Ioan Serban.  Frequency restoration in microgrids by means of distributed control with minimum communication requirements , 2014, 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE).

[7]  Pierre-Alexandre Bliman,et al.  Average consensus problems in networks of agents with delayed communications , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[8]  Nathan van de Wouw,et al.  Networked Control Systems With Communication Constraints: Tradeoffs Between Transmission Intervals, Delays and Performance , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[9]  Wenxin Liu,et al.  Novel Multiagent Based Load Restoration Algorithm for Microgrids , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[10]  Yongduan Song,et al.  Distributed Cooperative Secondary Control for Voltage Unbalance Compensation in an Islanded Microgrid , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[11]  J.A.P. Lopes,et al.  Defining control strategies for MicroGrids islanded operation , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[12]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Fully Distributed Coordination of Multiple DFIGs in a Microgrid for Load Sharing , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[13]  J.-d. Decotignie.  The Many Faces of Industrial Ethernet [Past and Present] , 2009, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[14]  Hong Ye,et al.  Scheduling of networked control systems , 2001 .

[15]  Frank L. Lewis,et al.  Distributed Adaptive Voltage Control of Inverter-Based Microgrids , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[16]  Chia-Chi Chu,et al.  Consensus-Based Secondary Frequency and Voltage Droop Control of Virtual Synchronous Generators for Isolated AC Micro-Grids , 2015, IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems.

[17]  Hua Jin,et al.  Control of parallel inverters in distributed AC power systems with consideration of line impedance effect , 2000 .

[18]  Juan C. Vasquez,et al.  Distributed Secondary Control for Islanded Microgrids—A Novel Approach , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[19]  Richard M. Murray,et al.  Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time-delays , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[20]  Juan C. Vasquez,et al.  Hierarchical Control of Droop-Controlled AC and DC Microgrids—A General Approach Toward Standardization , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[21]  Mo-Yuen Chow,et al.  Incremental Welfare Consensus Algorithm for Cooperative Distributed Generation/Demand Response in Smart Grid , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[22]  Fanghong Guo,et al.  Distributed Secondary Voltage and Frequency Restoration Control of Droop-Controlled Inverter-Based Microgrids , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.