Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite–Wollastonite Composite Powders by Sol–Gel Processing

Composites of hydroxyapatite–wollastonite were synthesized by a sol–gel route using calcium acetate and triethyl phosphate as precursors of hydroxyapatite and high-purity natural wollastonite added in ratios of 20, 50, and 80 wt%. These composites were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques. Formation of hydroxyapatite occurs at a relatively low temperature, about 420°C, accompanied by calcium carbonate; wollastonite remains unreacted. The composites were purified by heat treatment to a higher temperature and washed with hydrochloric acid and distilled water, to produce B-type carbonated hydroxyapatite–wollastonite composites as final products.

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