Natural ventilation in high-rise office buildings : an output of the CTBUH Sustainability Working Group : CTBUH technical guide

1.0 Introduction and Background 1.1 Historical Overview of Natural Ventilation in High-Rise Office Buildings 1.2 The Principles of Natural Ventilation in a High-Rise Building 1.3 Natural Ventilation Strategies 1.4 The Purpose and Benefits of Natural Ventilation 2.0 Case Studies 2.1 RWE Headquarters Tower, Essen, 1996 2.2 Commerzbank, Frankfurt, 1997 2.3 Liberty Tower of Meiji University, Tokyo, 1998 2.4 Menara UMNO, Penang, 1998 2.5 Deutsche Messe AG Administration Building, Hannover, 1999 2.6 GSW Headquarters Tower, Berlin, 1999 2.7 Post Tower, Bonn, 2002 2.8 30 St. Mary Axe, London, 2004 2.9 Highlight Towers, Munich, 2004 2.10 Torre Cube, Guadalajara, 2005 2.11 San Francisco Federal Building, San Francisco, 2007 2.12 Manitoba Hydro Place, Winnipeg, 2008 2.13 KfW Westarkade, Frankfurt, 2010 2.14 1 Bligh Street, Sydney, 2011 3.0 Design Considerations, Risks and Limitations 3.1 Thermal Comfort Standards 3.2 Local Climate 3.3 Site Context, Building Orientation and the Relative Driving Forces for Natural Ventilation 3.4 Planning and Spatial Configuration 3.5 Sky Gardens and Vertical Segmentation of Atria 3.6 Aerodynamic Elements and Forms 3.7 Facade Treatment and Double-Skin 3.8 Related Sustainable Strategies 3.9 Predictive Performance and Modeling 3.10 Fire Engineering/Smoke Control 3.11 Other Risks, Limitations and Challenges 3.12 Looking to the Future: Naturally Ventilating the Supertall 3.13 Conclusion: Challenging Industry and Occupant Preconceptions 4.0 Recommendations and Future Research 4.1 Recommendations 4.2 Future Research 5.0 References