Preferred Appearance of Captions Generated by Automatic Speech Recognition for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Viewers

As the accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) nears human-level quality, it might become feasible as an accessibility tool for people who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) to transcribe spoken language to text. We conducted a study using in-person laboratory methodologies, to investigate requirements and preferences for new ASR-based captioning services when used in a small group meeting context. The open-ended comments reveal an interesting dynamic between: caption readability (visibility of text) and occlusion (captions blocking the video contents). Our 105 DHH participants provided valuable feedback on a variety of caption-appearance parameters (strongly preferring familiar styles such as closed captions), and in this paper we start a discussion on how ASR captioning could be visually styled to improve text readability for DHH viewers.