A geographic routing scheme with dead-end avoidance for large-scale MANETs

In geographic routing schemes, packets are delivered to destinations based on the node location information. The geographic routing scheme is suitable for large-scale multi-hop wireless networks such as MANETs and VANETs because it works based only on the routing information obtained from the 1-hop beacon broadcasting. However, this routing information is limited in nature, resulting in frequent dead-ends. In this paper, we propose a geographic routing mechanism for multi-hop wireless networks that provides reliable and efficient routes by selecting stable next-hop nodes. In the proposed mechanism, each node computes the range of azimuth angle that it can cover by using the information in beacon messages. Based on the azimuth range information as a routing metric, a node establishes a reliable route for packet delivery. We compare our proposed mechanism with the well-known GPSR and the DR schemes by performing the NS-2 based simulations and show that our mechanism outperforms them in terms of packet delivery success rate.