Effects of implicit sharing in collaborative analysis

When crime analysts collaborate to solve crime cases, they need to share insights in order to connect the clues, identify a pattern, and attribute the crime to the right culprit. We designed a collaborative analysis tool to explore the value of implicitly sharing insights and notes, without requiring analysts to explicitly push information or request it from each other. In an experiment, pairs of remote individuals played the role of crime analysts solving a set of serial killer crimes with both partners having some, but not all, relevant clues. When implicit sharing of notes was available, participants remembered more clues related to detecting the serial killer, and they perceived the tool as more useful compared to when implicit sharing was not available.

[1]  George Chin,et al.  Exploring the analytical processes of intelligence analysts , 2009, CHI.

[2]  D. Sandy Staples,et al.  The use of collaborative electronic media for information sharing: an exploratory study of determinants , 2000, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

[3]  Alfred Kobsa,et al.  A model of synchronous collaborative information visualization , 2003, Proceedings on Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization, 2003. IV 2003..

[4]  Christopher Andrews,et al.  VizCept: Supporting synchronous collaboration for constructing visualizations in intelligence analysis , 2010, 2010 IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology.

[5]  G. Stasser,et al.  Pooling of Unshared Information in Group Decision Making: Biased Information Sampling During Discussion , 1985 .

[6]  P. Pirolli,et al.  The Sensemaking Process and Leverage Points for Analyst Technology as Identified Through Cognitive Task Analysis , 2007 .

[7]  Susan R. Fussell,et al.  Effects of visualization and note-taking on sensemaking and analysis , 2013, CHI.

[8]  R. Sternberg,et al.  The Psychology of Intelligence , 2002 .

[9]  Gregorio Convertino,et al.  The CACHE Study: Group Effects in Computer-supported Collaborative Analysis , 2008, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[10]  Aniket Kittur,et al.  Sensemaking : Improving Sensemaking by Leveraging the Efforts of Previous Users , 2012 .

[11]  Stuart K. Card,et al.  Principles and Tools for Collaborative Entity-Based Intelligence Analysis , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[12]  Alexander W. Skaburskis,et al.  The Sandbox for analysis: concepts and methods , 2006, CHI.

[13]  John T. Stasko,et al.  Jigsaw: Supporting Investigative Analysis through Interactive Visualization , 2007, 2007 IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology.

[14]  Jeffrey Heer,et al.  CommentSpace: structured support for collaborative visual analysis , 2011, CHI.

[15]  C HayneStephen,et al.  "Where's Farah?" , 2011 .

[16]  Madhu C. Reddy,et al.  Understanding together: sensemaking in collaborative information seeking , 2010, CSCW '10.

[17]  Steven F. Roth,et al.  Visualizing common ground , 2003, Proceedings on Seventh International Conference on Information Visualization, 2003. IV 2003..

[18]  John T. Stasko,et al.  Dust & Magnet: Multivariate Information Visualization Using a Magnet Metaphor , 2005, Inf. Vis..

[19]  Helena M. Mentis,et al.  Articulating common ground in cooperative work: content and process , 2008, CHI.

[20]  Kristin A. Cook,et al.  Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics , 2005 .

[21]  William Ribarsky,et al.  Science of Analytical Reasoning , 2009, Inf. Vis..

[22]  Uffe Kock Wiil,et al.  CrimeFighter Investigator: A Novel Tool for Criminal Network Investigation , 2011, 2011 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference.

[23]  John T. Stasko,et al.  How Can Visual Analytics Assist Investigative Analysis? Design Implications from an Evaluation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[24]  John C. McCarthy,et al.  An experimental study of common ground in text-based communication , 1991, CHI.

[25]  R. Boba Crime analysis and crime mapping , 2005 .

[26]  Rob Johnston Analytic Culture in the U.S. Intelligence Community: An Ethnographic Study , 2012 .

[27]  Jakob E. Bardram,et al.  AwareMedia: a shared interactive display supporting social, temporal, and spatial awareness in surgery , 2006, CSCW '06.

[28]  Claire Cardie,et al.  Multi-Perspective Question Answering Using the OpQA Corpus , 2005, HLT.

[29]  Lee Sproull,et al.  What's Mine Is Ours, or Is It? A Study of Attitudes about Information Sharing , 1994, Inf. Syst. Res..

[30]  JinKyu Lee,et al.  Exploring the causes and effects of inter-agency information sharing systems adoption in the anti/counter-terrorism and disaster management domains , 2007, DG.O.

[31]  J. Piaget The Psychology Of Intelligence , 1951 .

[32]  Helena M. Mentis,et al.  Supporting common ground and awareness in emergency management planning: A design research project , 2011, TCHI.

[33]  Claire Cardie,et al.  Annotating Expressions of Opinions and Emotions in Language , 2005, Lang. Resour. Evaluation.

[34]  Susan R. Fussell,et al.  Do visualizations improve synchronous remote collaboration? , 2008, CHI.

[35]  Jarke J. van Wijk,et al.  Supporting Exploration Awareness in Information Visualization , 2009, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[36]  Nicholas J. Pioch,et al.  POLESTAR: collaborative knowledge management and sensemaking tools for intelligence analysts , 2006, CIKM '06.

[37]  Brian D. Fisher,et al.  Facilitating the reuse process in distributed collaboration: a distributed cognition approach , 2012, CSCW.

[38]  Stephen C. Hayne,et al.  “Where’s Farah?”: Knowledge silos and information fusion by distributed collaborating teams , 2011, Inf. Syst. Frontiers.

[39]  Angel Cabrera,et al.  Knowledge-Sharing Dilemmas , 2002 .