Biodiesel production from Tung oil and blended oil via ultrasonic transesterification process

Abstract The effects of ultrasonic irradiation time (tUS) on the transesterification yield (YF) of biodiesel from Tung (Vernicia fordii) and blended oils with CH3OH and KOH, and on some properties of biodiesel such as acid value (AV), iodine value (IV), kinematic viscosity (KV), density and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) were investigated. The blended oil is consisted of 20, 50 and 30% of Tung, canola and palm oils, respectively. The molar ratio of methanol to oil is 6:1 and the catalyst concentration is 1 wt.%. Temperature and ultrasonic frequency were kept at 20–30 °C and 25 kHz, respectively. The tUS was set in the range of 1–30 min. The results showed that YF reaches high value of 87–91% for Tung oil as tUS ≥ 5 min, while of about 92–94% for blended oil as tUS ≥ 1 min. At tUS = 10 min, the properties of biodiesel produced from Tung oil are with AV of 0.11 mg KOH/g, IV of 159.36 mg I2/100 g, KV of 9.17 mm2/s, density of 905 kg/m3 and CFPP of −16 °C, while those from blended oil are with AV of 0.11 mg KOH/g, IV of 120.35 mg I2/100 g, KV of 5.54 mm2/s, density of 887 kg/m3 and CFPP of −5 °C. Comparing these values with the ASTM-D6751 standards with AV

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