Non-linear soil stiffness in routine design

Soil stress-strain behaviour is highly non-linear and this has an important influence on the selection of design parameters for simple routine geotechnical calculations. Non-linear behaviour can be characterized by rigidity and degree of non-linearity and these can be determined from measurements of very small strain-stiffness, peak strength and failure strain. Very small strain-stiffness can be found from measurements of shear wave velocity in situ or in laboratory tests. Peak strength and failure strain can be measured in routine laboratory tests but are strongly influenced by initiation of shear bands. The important non-linear stiffness parameters for soil are related to its composition and to its current state. Back-analyses of the load settlement behaviour of full-scale and model foundations demonstrate the influence of non-linear soil behaviour. Variations of stiffness with settlement calculated from full-scale and model foundations agree well with non-linear soil stiffnesses based on rigidity and d...

[1]  M. L. Lings,et al.  Anisotropic stiffness parameters and their measurement in a stiff natural clay , 2000 .

[2]  Richard J. Jardine,et al.  The measurement of soil stiffness in the triaxial apparatus , 1984 .

[3]  J. Burland.  On the compressibility and shear strength of natural clays , 1990 .

[4]  R. Chambon,et al.  Void ratio evolution inside shear bands in triaxial sand specimens studied by computed tomography , 1996 .

[5]  Matthew Richard Coop,et al.  Objective criteria for determining G(max) from bender element tests , 1996 .

[6]  Michele Jamiolkowski,et al.  A review of instrumentation for measuring small strains during triaxial testing of soil specimens , 1995 .

[7]  Alexander M. Puzrin,et al.  Non-linear model of small-strain behaviour of soils , 1998 .

[8]  Ken Been,et al.  Discussion: A state parameter for sands , 1986 .

[9]  J. H. Atkinson,et al.  Anisotropic elastic deformations in laboratory tests on undisturbed London Clay , 1975 .

[10]  Gioacchino Viggiani,et al.  Shear bands in plane strain compression of loose sand , 1997 .

[11]  Derek Steven Pennington.  The anisotropic small strain stiffness of Cambridge Gault Clay , 1999 .

[12]  Giulia M.B. Viggiani,et al.  Small strain stiffness of fine grained soils , 1992 .

[13]  Matthew Richard Coop,et al.  THE MEASUREMENT OF LOCAL AXIAL STRAINS IN TRIAXIAL TESTS USING LVDTS , 1997 .

[14]  J. H. Atkinson.  The deformation of undisturbed London clay , 1973 .

[15]  Andrew Schofield,et al.  Cambridge Geotechnical Centrifuge Operations , 1980 .

[16]  K. Roscoe.  THE INFLUENCE OF STRAINS IN SOIL MECHANICS , 1970 .

[17]  N. J. O'Riordan,et al.  A COMPUTER MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GROUND MOVEMENTS IN LONDON CLAY , 1979 .

[18]  Dw Hight,et al.  State-of-the-Art Paper: A Reevaluation of Conventional Triaxial Test Methods , 1988 .

[19]  I. Vardoulakis.  Deformation of water-saturated sand: II. effect of pore water flow and shear banding , 1996 .

[20]  J. H. Atkinson,et al.  Non-uniformity of triaxial samples due to consolidation with radial drainage , 1985 .

[21]  D. H. Cornforth,et al.  SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF STRAIN CONDITIONS ON THE STRENGTH OF SAND , 1964 .

[22]  S. John,et al.  Field and Theoretical Studies of the Behaviour of Ground Around Deep Excavations in London Clay. , 1975 .

[23]  R. J. Chandler.  The Third Glossop Lecture , 2000, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology.

[24]  Matthew Richard Coop,et al.  Stiffness of coarse-grained soils at small strains , 1997 .

[25]  S. E. Stallebrass,et al.  The development and evaluation of a constitutive model for the prediction of ground movements in overconsolidated clay , 1997 .

[26]  D. Shirley,et al.  Shear‐wave measurements in laboratory sediments , 1978 .

[27]  I. Vardoulakis.  Deformation of water-saturated sand: I. uniform undrained deformation and shear banding , 1996 .

[28]  R. E. Gibson,et al.  The analytical method in soil mechanics , 1974 .

[29]  J. Atkinson,et al.  Stiffness of fine-grained soil at very small strains , 1995 .

[30]  H Grace,et al.  DISCUSSION ON AIRPORT PAPER NO. 35: THE PLANNING AND DESIGN OF THE NEW HONG KONG AIRPORT. , 1957 .

[31]  Alec Westley Skempton,et al.  First-Time Slides in Over-Consolidated Clays , 1970 .

[32]  M. L. Lings,et al.  Anisotropy of G0 shear stiffness in Gault Clay , 1997 .

[33]  A. Skempton.  Long-Term Stability of Clay Slopes , 1964 .