Heat Transfer and Flow of Nanofluids in a Y-Type Intersection Channel with Multiple Pulsations: A Numerical Study

In this paper, we study pulsed flow and heat transfer in water-Al2O3 nanofluids in a Y-type intersection channel with two inlets and one outlet. At the two inlets, two sinusoidal velocities with a phase difference of π are applied. We assume that the shear viscosity and the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids depend on the nanoparticles concentration. The motion of the nanoparticles is modeled by a convention-diffusion equation, where the effects of the Brownian motion, thermophoretic diffusion, etc., are included. The effects of pulse frequency, pulse amplitude and nanoparticles concentration on the heat transfer are explored numerically at various Reynolds numbers. The results show that the application of the pulsed flow improves the heat transfer efficiency (Nusselt number) for most of the cases studied. Amongst the four factors considered, the effect of the frequency seems to be the most important.

[1]  Y. S. Touloukian,et al.  Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 10. Thermal diffusivity. (Reannouncement). Data book , 1974 .

[2]  P. R. Mashaei,et al.  Smart role of Al2O3-water suspension on laminar heat transfer in entrance region of a channel with transverse in-line baffles , 2017 .

[3]  William W. Yu,et al.  ANOMALOUSLY INCREASED EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BASED NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING COPPER NANOPARTICLES , 2001 .

[4]  John C. Slattery,et al.  Advanced transport phenomena , 1999 .

[5]  D. Ganji,et al.  Nanofluid convective heat transfer using semi analytical and numerical approaches: A review , 2016 .

[6]  Samuel R. Subia,et al.  Modelling of concentrated suspensions using a continuum constitutive equation , 1998, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[7]  Mehrdad Massoudi,et al.  On the heat flux vector for flowing granular materials—Part I: effective thermal conductivity and background , 2006 .

[8]  Bangming Gu,et al.  Thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing high aspect ratio fillers , 2013 .

[9]  Mehrdad Massoudi,et al.  Heat Transfer and Dissipation Effects in the Flow of a Drilling Fluid , 2016 .

[10]  Nadine Aubry,et al.  Enhancement of microfluidic mixing using time pulsing. , 2003, Lab on a chip.

[11]  V. Sridhara,et al.  Al 2 O 3-based nanofluids : a review , 2011 .

[12]  Mehrdad Massoudi,et al.  A note on the meaning of mixture viscosity using the classical continuum theories of mixtures , 2008 .

[13]  Liqiu Wang,et al.  Effect of Thermal-Electric Cross Coupling on Heat Transport in Nanofluids , 2017 .

[14]  Xiande Fang,et al.  Heat transfer and critical heat flux of nanofluid boiling: A comprehensive review , 2016 .

[15]  J. Eastman,et al.  Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Fluids Containing Oxide Nanoparticles , 1999 .

[16]  Mousa Farhadi,et al.  Pulsating flow effects on convection heat transfer in a corrugated channel: A LBM approach , 2013 .

[17]  D. Tzou.  Thermal instability of nanofluids in natural convection , 2008 .

[18]  Mehrdad Massoudi,et al.  Viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes stabilized by chitosan , 2011 .

[19]  R. Panneer Selvam,et al.  Molecular dynamics simulation of effective thermal conductivity and study of enhanced thermal transport mechanism in nanofluids , 2007 .

[20]  Moo-Yeon Lee,et al.  Review of the Thermo-Physical Properties and Performance Characteristics of a Refrigeration System Using Refrigerant-Based Nanofluids , 2015 .

[21]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer of FMWCNT/Water Nanofluids over a Flat Plate , 2016 .

[22]  Huaqing Xie,et al.  Thermal conductivity enhancement of suspensions containing nanosized alumina particles , 2002 .

[23]  Khalid Aziz,et al.  The Flow Of Complex Mixtures In Pipes , 2021 .

[24]  A. Spencer.  Continuum Mechanics , 1967, Nature.

[25]  V. Sridhara,et al.  Al2O3-based nanofluids: a review , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[26]  J. R. Abbott,et al.  A constitutive equation for concentrated suspensions that accounts for shear‐induced particle migration , 1992 .

[27]  E. Grulke,et al.  Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in nanotube suspensions , 2001 .

[28]  Lazarus Godson Asirvatham,et al.  Experimental Study on Forced Convective Heat Transfer with Low Volume Fraction of CuO/Water Nanofluid , 2009 .

[29]  Mehrdad Massoudi,et al.  A Mixture Theory formulation for hydraulic or pneumatic transport of solid particles , 2010 .

[30]  R. Webb.  Enhanced Heat Transfer , 2010 .

[31]  Hakan F. Oztop,et al.  Pulsating nanofluids jet impingement cooling of a heated horizontal surface , 2014 .

[32]  J. Eastman,et al.  Enhanced thermal conductivity through the development of nanofluids , 1996 .

[33]  Y. Xuan,et al.  Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids , 2000 .

[34]  J. Lienhard.  A heat transfer textbook , 1981 .

[35]  A. Mujumdar,et al.  Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids: a review , 2007 .

[36]  J. Buongiorno.  Convective Transport in Nanofluids , 2006 .

[37]  Xianfan Xu,et al.  Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle -Fluid Mixture , 1999 .

[38]  Ning Pan,et al.  Optimization principles for convective heat transfer , 2009 .

[39]  Mehrdad Massoudi,et al.  On the heat flux vector for flowing granular materials—part II: derivation and special cases , 2006 .

[40]  Nadine Aubry,et al.  Effects of microchannel geometry on pulsed flow mixing , 2006 .

[41]  C. T. Nguyen,et al.  New temperature dependent thermal conductivity data for water-based nanofluids , 2009 .

[42]  Donald A. Nield,et al.  Forced convection with laminar pulsating flow in a channel or tube , 2007 .

[43]  Suk-Ju Kang,et al.  Review on Synthesis, Thermo-Physical Property, and Heat Transfer Mechanism of Nanofluids , 2016 .

[44]  Di Zhang,et al.  Entropy Generation and Heat Transfer Performances of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid Transitional Flow in Rectangular Channels with Dimples and Protrusions , 2016, Entropy.

[45]  Chi-ming Lai,et al.  Thermal performance of Al2O3/water nanofluid in a natural circulation loop with a mini-channel heat sink and heat source , 2014 .

[46]  Tahir Cagin,et al.  Thermal interactions in nanoscale fluid flow: molecular dynamics simulations with solid–liquid interfaces , 2008 .

[47]  B. Armaly,et al.  Experimental and theoretical investigation of backward-facing step flow , 1983, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[48]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Fully Developed Turbulent Flows of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Silver/Water Nanofluids , 2016 .

[49]  Gianpiero Colangelo,et al.  Results of experimental investigations on the heat conductivity of nanofluids based on diathermic oil for high temperature applications , 2012 .

[50]  I. Mustafa,et al.  Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection stagnation point flow of a nanofluid over a vertical plate with viscous dissipation , 2015 .

[51]  Wei-Tao Wu,et al.  Fully developed flow of a drilling fluid between two rotating cylinders , 2016, Appl. Math. Comput..

[52]  A. Ranjbar,et al.  Laminar pulsating flow of nanofluids in a circular tube with isothermal wall , 2012 .

[53]  S. Naga Sarada,et al.  Experimental thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol and water mixture based low volume concentration of Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids , 2013 .

[54]  Di Zhang,et al.  Heat Transfer Enhancement and Entropy Generation of Nanofluids Laminar Convection in Microchannels with Flow Control Devices , 2016, Entropy.

[55]  A. Abdel-azim.  Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2011 .

[56]  Gianpiero Colangelo,et al.  Review of heat transfer in nanofluids: Conductive, convective and radiative experimental results , 2015 .

[57]  H. E. Qarnia,et al.  Transient behavior analysis of the melting of nanoparticle-enhanced phase change material inside a rectangular latent heat storage unit , 2017 .

[58]  O. K. Crosser,et al.  Thermal Conductivity of Heterogeneous Two-Component Systems , 1962 .

[59]  Y. Xuan,et al.  Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids , 2003 .

[60]  J. J. Fourier,et al.  The Analytical Theory of Heat , 1878, Nature.

[61]  R. Winterton,et al.  Heat in History , 2001 .

[62]  Ali J. Chamkha,et al.  Nanofluid flow and heat transfer in porous media: A review of the latest developments , 2017 .

[63]  S. C. Saxena,et al.  Thermophysical Properties of Matter - the TPRC Data Series. Volume 11. Viscosity , 1975 .

[64]  Truong Quoc Vo,et al.  Nano-scale liquid film sheared between strong wetting surfaces: effects of interface region on the flow , 2015 .

[65]  Kumbakonam R. Rajagopal,et al.  Mechanics of Mixtures , 1995 .

[66]  Gianpiero Colangelo,et al.  Thermal conductivity, viscosity and stability of Al2O3-diathermic oil nanofluids for solar energy systems , 2016 .

[67]  A. G. Agwu Nnanna,et al.  Experimental Model of Temperature-Driven Nanofluid , 2007 .

[68]  E. M. A. Elbashbeshy,et al.  Flow and heat transfer over a moving surface with nonlinear velocity and variable thickness in a nanofluid in the presence of thermal radiation , 2014 .

[69]  P. Asinari,et al.  A review on the heat and mass transfer phenomena in nanofluid coolants with special focus on automotive applications , 2016 .

[70]  A. D. Risi,et al.  An explanation of the Al2O3 nanofluid thermal conductivity based on the phonon theory of liquid , 2016 .

[71]  A. D. Risi,et al.  An investigation of layering phenomenon at the liquid–solid interface in Cu and CuO based nanofluids , 2016 .

[72]  Victor M. Job,et al.  Mixed convection nanofluid flows through a grooved channel with internal heat generating solid cylinders in the presence of an applied magnetic field , 2017 .

[73]  Thermal performance of water-based suspensions of phase change nanocapsules in a natural circulation loop with a mini-channel heat sink and heat source , 2014 .

[74]  Mehrdad Massoudi,et al.  Remarks on Constitutive Modeling of Nanofluids , 2012 .

[75]  Bo Hung Kim,et al.  Molecular dynamics simulations of thermal resistance at the liquid-solid interface. , 2008, The Journal of chemical physics.

[76]  M. M. Piñeiro,et al.  Thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity measurements of Al2O3 nanofluids , 2012, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.

[77]  J. Eastman,et al.  JAM 1 1 1935 b T I ENHANCING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FLUIDS WITH NANOPARTICLES * , 1998 .

[78]  H. Rusche.  Computational fluid dynamics of dispersed two-phase flows at high phase fractions , 2003 .

[79]  Kumar Ch.Kishore,et al.  Melting heat transfer in boundary layer stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid towards a stretching-shrinking sheet , 2014 .