Forest Growth and Yield Modeling

Forest growth models attempt to quantify the growth of a forest, and are commonly used for two principal purposes: to predict the future status of a forest and the nature of any harvests from that forest, and to help consider alternative cultivation practices. Models may also find other uses, such as in education, communicating information, etc. Depending on the purpose of the model, modelers may choose to emphasize physiological detail or statistical efficiency, but generally seek both biological and statistical accuracy.

[1]  D. Schmoldt,et al.  Yield-based measures of Northern hardwood site quality and their correlation with soil-site factors , 1985 .

[2]  R. Bailey.  Individual Tree Growth Derived from Diameter Distribution Models , 1980 .

[3]  Andrew P. Robinson,et al.  A validation and evaluation of the Prognosis individual-tree basal area increment model , 2007 .

[4]  B. Myers.  Water stress integral-a link between short-term stress and long-term growth. , 1988, Tree physiology.

[5]  Harry T. Valentine,et al.  Initializing a model stand for process-based projection. , 2000, Tree physiology.

[6]  Hannu Hökkä,et al.  Modeling Mortality of Individual Trees in Drained Peatland Sites in Finland , 2003 .

[7]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  A Generalized Approach for Modeling and Localizing Stem Profile Curves , 2006 .

[8]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Suggestions for choosing an appropriate level for modelling forest stands. , 2003 .

[9]  A. Robinson,et al.  Improving Taper Equations of Loblolly Pine with Crown Dimensions in a Mixed-Effects Modeling Framework , 2004, Forest Science.

[10]  M. Williams,et al.  A boundary reconstruction method for circular fixed-area plots in environmental survey , 2001 .

[11]  K. Osoro,et al.  Potential productivity of forested areas based on a biophysical model. A case study of a mountainous region in northern Spain , 2011, Annals of Forest Science.

[12]  Holger Lange,et al.  Use of interactive forest growth simulation to characterise spatial stand structure , 2004 .

[13]  Martin W. Ritchie,et al.  Development of a tree height growth model for Douglas-fir , 1986 .

[14]  J. A. Moore,et al.  A New Index Representing Individual Tree Competitive Status , 1973 .

[15]  Jianhua Qin,et al.  Using disaggregation to link individual-tree and whole-stand growth models , 2006 .

[16]  Margarida Tomé,et al.  GLOBTREE: an individual tree growth model for Eucalyptus globulus in Portugal. , 2003 .

[17]  Niklaus E. Zimmermann,et al.  Regeneration in Gap Models: Priority Issues for Studying Forest Responses to Climate Change , 2001 .

[18]  Martin W. Ritchie,et al.  Implications of disaggregation in forest growth and yield modeling , 1997 .

[19]  E. Mason,et al.  Hybrid mensurational and physiological modelling of growth and yield of Pinus radiata D.Don. using potentially useable radiation sums , 2011 .

[20]  UNIFYING SIGMOID UNIVARIATE GROWTH EQUATIONS , 2005 .

[21]  Matthias Dobbertin,et al.  A Comparison of Distance-Dependent Competition Measures for Height and Basal Area Growth of Individual Conifer Trees , 1992, Forest Science.

[22]  W. Parton,et al.  Testing the Lake States variant of FVS (Forest Vegetation Simulator) for the main forest types of northern Ontario , 2004 .

[23]  A. R. Stage,et al.  Modeling Effects of Overstory Density and Competing Vegetation on Tree Height Growth , 2008 .

[24]  M. G. Ryan,et al.  Foliage, fine-root, woody-tissue and stand respiration in Pinus radiata in relation to nitrogen status. , 1996, Tree physiology.

[25]  M. Lexer,et al.  A modified 3D-patch model for spatially explicit simulation of vegetation composition in heterogeneous landscapes , 2001 .

[26]  Tsuyoshi Honjo,et al.  Three-dimensional visualization forest of landscapes by VRML , 2003 .

[27]  David J. Mladenoff,et al.  Design, development, and application of LANDIS-II, a spatial landscape simulation model with flexible temporal and spatial resolution , 2007 .

[28]  Alan R. Ek,et al.  Process-based models for forest ecosystem management: current state of the art and challenges for practical implementation. , 2000, Tree physiology.

[29]  William R. Wykoff,et al.  A Basal Area Increment Model for Individual Conifers in the Northern Rocky Mountains , 1990, Forest Science.

[30]  R. Monserud,et al.  A basal area increment model for individual trees growing in even- and uneven-aged forest stands in Austria , 1996 .

[31]  T. Pukkala,et al.  Effect of crown shape and tree distribution on the spatial distribution of shade , 1987 .

[32]  Zhihai Ma,et al.  Spatially assessing model errors of four regression techniques for three types of forest stands , 2008 .

[33]  M. Tomé,et al.  Age-independent difference equations for modelling tree and stand growth , 2006 .

[34]  Evaluation of individual-tree and disaggregative prediction methods for Douglas-fir stands in western Oregon , 1997 .

[35]  David W. Hann,et al.  Maximum crown-width equations for southwestern Oregon tree species , 1982 .

[36]  C. Canham,et al.  A neighborhood analysis of canopy tree competition : effects of shading versus crowding , 2004 .

[37]  J. N. Long,et al.  A Modified Density Management Diagram for Coastal Douglas-Fir , 1988 .

[38]  Nicholas L. Crookston,et al.  Accuracy and equivalence testing of crown ratio models and assessment of their impact on diameter growth and basal area increment predictions of two variants of the Forest Vegetation Simulator , 2009 .

[39]  Albert R. Stage,et al.  Effects of competitor spacing in individual-tree indices of competition , 2001 .

[40]  D. Hann.  Extending southwest Oregon's Douglas-fir dominant height growth equation to older ages , 1998 .

[41]  F. J. Richards.  A Flexible Growth Function for Empirical Use , 1959 .

[42]  J. Gove,et al.  A comparison of alternative methods for estimating the self-thinning boundary line , 2005 .

[43]  P. Jarvis.  The Interpretation of the Variations in Leaf Water Potential and Stomatal Conductance Found in Canopies in the Field , 1976 .

[44]  J. L. Clutter.  Compatible growth and yield models for loblolly pine , 1963 .

[45]  Alan Y. Chiang,et al.  Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction With R , 2007, Technometrics.

[46]  S. Ollinger,et al.  DIRECT ESTIMATION OF ABOVEGROUND FOREST PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF CANOPY NITROGEN , 2002 .

[47]  Klaus Von Gadow,et al.  Modelling Forest Development , 1998, Forestry Sciences.

[48]  P. Jarvis,et al.  Par Absorption and Its Relation to Above-Ground Dry Matter Production of Sitka Spruce , 1991 .

[49]  Joe Landsberg,et al.  Physiological ecology of forest production , 1986 .

[50]  J. Berry,et al.  A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species , 1980, Planta.

[51]  S. B. Land,et al.  Incorporating genetic parameters into a loblolly pine growth-and-yield model , 2006 .

[52]  J. Stape,et al.  A twin-plot approach to determine nutrient limitation and potential productivity in Eucalyptus plantations at landscape scales in Brazil , 2006 .

[53]  Steen Magnussen,et al.  Effect of Plot Size on Estimates of Top Height in Douglas-Fir , 1999 .

[54]  T. Eid,et al.  Models for prediction of mortality in even‐aged forest , 2003 .

[55]  R. Bailey,et al.  A Multivariate Simultaneous Prediction System for Stand Growth and Yield with Fixed and Random Effects , 2001 .

[56]  H. T. Mowrer,et al.  Variance propagation in growth and yield projections , 1986 .

[57]  D. Hann,et al.  Height growth rat of Douglas-fir: a comparison of model forms , 1988 .

[58]  Oscar García,et al.  DE PERTHUIS AND THE ORIGINS OF SITE INDEX: A HISTORICAL NOTE , 2006 .

[59]  Ulrich Kohnle,et al.  Combining Tree- and Stand-Level Models: A New Approach to Growth Prediction , 2008, Forest Science.

[60]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Constraining individual tree diameter increment and survival models for loblolly pine plantations , 1997 .

[61]  William E. Strawderman,et al.  A Bayesian growth and yield model for slash pine plantations , 1996 .

[62]  Janneke HilleRisLambers,et al.  Seed Dispersal Near and Far: Patterns Across Temperate and Tropical Forests , 1999 .

[63]  J. Buongiorno,et al.  Estimation of a matrix model of forest growth from re-measured permanent plots , 1984 .

[64]  A. Groot.  A model to estimate light interception by tree crowns, applied to black spruce , 2004 .

[65]  Shongming Huang,et al.  Estimating a system of nonlinear simultaneous individual tree models for white spruce in boreal mixed-species stands , 1999 .

[66]  J. Dhôte,et al.  A flexible radial increment model for individual trees in pure even-aged stands , 2004 .

[67]  Nathan Herring.  Sensitivity Analysis of the Forest Vegetation Simulator Southern Variant (FVS-Sn)for Southern Appalachian Hardwoods , 2007 .

[68]  Nobuya Mizoue,et al.  Effects of training for inexperienced surveyors on data quality of tree diameter and height measurements , 2010 .

[69]  P. Kaitaniemi,et al.  Precision of allometric scaling equations for trees can be improved by including the effect of ecological interactions , 2008, Trees.

[70]  A. Mäkelä,et al.  Summary models for light interception and light-use efficiency of non-homogeneous canopies. , 2007, Tree physiology.

[71]  Thomas M. Smith,et al.  Scale and resolution of forest structural pattern , 1988, Vegetatio.

[72]  Guillaume Cornu,et al.  CAPSIS: Computer-aided projection for strategies in silviculture : Advantages of a shared forest-modelling platform , 2002 .

[73]  Thomas Ledermann,et al.  Algorithms for simulating thinning and harvesting in five European individual-tree growth simulators: a review , 2003 .

[74]  A. F. Filho,et al.  Comparison between predicted volumes estimated by taper equations and true volumes obtained by the water displacement technique (xylometer) , 1999 .

[75]  Remote Area Soil Proxy Modeling Technique , 2009 .

[76]  F. Goreaud,et al.  A model bridging distance-dependent and distance-independent tree models to simulate the growth of mixed forests , 2010, Annals of Forest Science.

[77]  S. Huang,et al.  Lodgepole pine site index in relation to synoptic measures of climate, soil moisture and soil nutrients , 2004 .

[78]  Steven W. Running,et al.  Testing a mechanistic carbon balance model against observed tree growth , 1991 .

[79]  Benjamin Gompertz,et al.  On the Nature of the Function Expressive of the Law of Human Mortality , 1815 .

[80]  B. Medlyn,et al.  Temperature response of parameters of a biochemically based model of photosynthesis. I. Seasonal changes in mature maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) , 2002 .

[81]  Gregory A. Ruark,et al.  PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS REGRESSION TO MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF MULTICOLLINEARITY , 1991 .

[82]  Lance A. Vickers,et al.  Predicting Forest Regeneration in the Central Appalachians Using the REGEN Expert System , 2011 .

[83]  P. Radtke,et al.  A Bayesian strategy for combining predictions from empirical and process-based models , 2006 .

[84]  Ken C. J. Van Rees,et al.  A novel approach to simulate growth of multi-stem willow in bioenergy production systems with a simple process-based model (3PG) , 2011 .

[85]  K. D. Ware.  Growth and Yields of Natural Stands of the Southern Pines , 1960 .

[86]  J. Monteith,et al.  The Radiation Regime and Architecture of Plant Stands. , 1983 .

[87]  Jeffrey L. Moffett,et al.  Landscape management through integration of existing tools and emerging technologies , 1998 .

[88]  Martin W. Ritchie,et al.  User's guide for SYSTUM-1 (Version 2.0): A simulator of growth trends in young stands under management in California and Oregon , 1993 .

[89]  Boris Zeide,et al.  Analysis of the 3/2 power law of self-thinning , 1987 .

[90]  D. Hann.  An adjustable predictor of crown profile for stand-grown Douglas-Fir trees , 1999 .

[91]  Boris Zeide,et al.  Intrinsic units in growth modeling , 2004 .

[92]  T. B. Lynch,et al.  Estimating parameters for tree basal area growth with a system of equations and seemingly unrelated regressions , 2001 .

[93]  Albert R. Stage,et al.  Predicting Regeneration in the Grand Fir-Cedar-Hemlock Ecosystem of the Northern Rocky Mountains , 1986 .

[94]  Annika Kangas,et al.  Effect of errors-in-variables on coefficients of a growth model and on prediction of growth , 1998 .

[95]  R. Powers,et al.  Site classification of ponderosa pine stands under stocking control in California , 1978 .

[96]  A. Mäkelä,et al.  Generating 3D sawlogs with a process-based growth model , 2003 .

[97]  Richard F. Daniels,et al.  An integrated system of forest stand models , 1988 .

[98]  A. R. Ek,et al.  Growth and survival modeling for planted conifers in the Great Lakes region , 1988 .

[99]  Annika Kangas,et al.  Localization of growth estimates using non-parametric imputation methods , 2008 .

[100]  J.C.G. Goelz,et al.  Measurement error causes bias in site index equations , 1996 .

[101]  John P. Caspersen,et al.  Modelling stand development after partial harvests: An empirically based, spatially explicit analysis for lowland black spruce , 2010 .

[102]  Changhui Peng,et al.  TRIPLEX: a generic hybrid model for predicting forest growth and carbon and nitrogen dynamics , 2002 .

[103]  Jingjing Liang,et al.  Dynamics and management of Alaska boreal forest: An all-aged multi-species matrix growth model , 2010 .

[104]  Claire A. Montgomery,et al.  Modeling joint production of wildlife and timber , 2004 .

[105]  V. Monleon,et al.  Equations for predicting uncompacted crown ratio based on compacted crown ratio and tree attributes. , 2004 .

[106]  E. Mason,et al.  Applications of modeling to vegetation management , 2006 .

[107]  D. W. MacFarlane,et al.  Population density influences assessment and application of site index , 2000 .

[108]  N. Crookston,et al.  Using Forest Inventory and Analysis data to model plant-climate relationships , 2007 .

[109]  J. A. Moore,et al.  Disaggregating stand volume growth to individual trees , 1993 .

[110]  E. David Ford,et al.  Improving competition representation in theoretical models of self‐thinning: a critical review , 2005 .

[111]  J. Chen,et al.  Global mapping of foliage clumping index using multi-angular satellite data , 2005 .

[112]  Annika Kangas,et al.  Comparison of treewise and standwise forest simulators by means of quantile regression , 2008 .

[113]  G. Biging,et al.  The Predictive Models and Procedures Used in the Forest Stand Generator (STAG) , 1994 .

[114]  Harald Bugmann,et al.  A New Forest Gap Model to Study the Effects of Environmental Change on Forest Structure and Functioning , 1997 .

[115]  Guy R. Larocque.  Examining different concepts for the development of a distance-dependent competition model for red pine diameter growth using long-term stand data differing in initial stand density , 2002 .

[116]  David K. Walters,et al.  Taper equations for six conifer species in southwest Oregon , 1986 .

[117]  T. Gregoire,et al.  A switching model of bole taper , 2001 .

[118]  G. Nigh,et al.  Predicting crown class in three western conifer species , 2004 .

[119]  T. Kira,et al.  A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLANT FORM-THE PIPE MODEL THEORY : II. FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION IN FOREST ECOLOGY , 1964 .

[120]  Denis Alder,et al.  An empirical cohort model for management of Terra Firme forests in the Brazilian Amazon , 2000 .

[121]  A. Ek,et al.  A generalized methodology for estimating forest ingrowth at multiple threshold diameters , 1993 .

[122]  James F. Reynolds,et al.  A Coordination Model of Whole-plant Carbon Allocation in Relation to Water Stress☆ , 1997 .

[123]  Mark O. Kimberley,et al.  Importance of seasonal growth patterns in modelling interactions between radiata pine and some common weed species , 2004 .

[124]  R. Bailey,et al.  A Compatible Model Relating Slash Pine Plantation Survival to Density, Age, Site Index, and Type and Intensity of Thinning , 1985 .

[125]  Leo Breiman,et al.  Random Forests , 2001, Machine Learning.

[126]  D. Azuma,et al.  Site index equations and mean annual increment equations for Pacific Northwest Research Station forest inventory and analysis inventories, 1985-2001 / , 2003 .

[127]  Donald J. DeMars,et al.  Height and crown width related to diameter for open-grown western hemlock and Sitka spruce , 1989 .

[128]  G. Mendoza,et al.  Growth projection of a selectively cut-over forest based on residual inventory , 1987 .

[129]  Q. V. Cao.  Calibrating a Segmented Taper Equation with Two Diameter Measurements , 2009 .

[130]  M. Kimberley,et al.  Indices of interspecific plant competition for Pinus radiata in the central north island of New Zealand , 1999 .

[131]  James S. Clark,et al.  Tree growth inference and prediction from diameter censuses and ring widths. , 2007, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[132]  A HIERARCHICAL LINEAR MODEL FOR TREE HEIGHT PREDICTION , .

[133]  Chris R. Hennigar,et al.  A novel approach to optimize management strategies for carbon stored in both forests and wood products , 2008 .

[134]  David A. Hamilton,et al.  A logistic model of mortality in thinned and unthinned mixed conifer stands of northern Idaho , 1986 .

[135]  Kurt H. Johnsen,et al.  Applying 3-PG, a Simple Process-Based Model Designed to Produce Practical Results, to Data from Loblolly Pine Experiments , 2001, Forestry sciences.

[136]  Timo Pukkala,et al.  Growth and yield models for uneven-sized forest stands in Finland. , 2009 .

[137]  T. A. Black,et al.  Intercomparison of techniques to model water stress effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal deciduous forests , 2006 .

[138]  H. Burkhart.  Cubic-Foot Volume of Loblolly Pine to Any Merchantable Top Limit , 1977 .

[139]  S. Huang,et al.  Development of a tree-specific stem profile model for white spruce: a nonlinear mixed model approach with a generalized covariance structure , 2009 .

[140]  Douglas A. Maguire,et al.  Constructing models for direct prediction of 5-year crown recession in southwestern Oregon Douglas-fir , 1990 .

[141]  W. H. Carmean.  Forest Site Quality Evaluation in The United States , 1975 .

[142]  P. Snowdon.  Modeling Type 1 and Type 2 growth responses in plantations after application of fertilizer or other silvicultural treatments , 2002 .

[143]  P. Newton.  Complex stand structures and associated dynamics: measurement indices and modelling approaches , 2008 .

[144]  M. Tomé,et al.  Height–diameter equation for first rotation eucalypt plantations in Portugal , 2002 .

[145]  A. A. Zumrawi,et al.  Regeneration imputation models for complex stands of southeastern British Columbia , 2004 .

[146]  N. Breda.  Ground-based measurements of leaf area index: a review of methods, instruments and current controversies. , 2003, Journal of experimental botany.

[147]  T. Spies,et al.  Evaluating Forest Vegetative Cover with Computerized Analysis of Fisheye Photographs , 1986, Forest Science.

[148]  N. Picard,et al.  The stock recovery rate in a Central African rain forest: an index of sustainability based on projection matrix models , 2009 .

[149]  Harry T. Valentine.  Height growth, site index, and carbon metabolism. , 1997 .

[150]  David Gustafsson,et al.  Bayesian calibration of a model describing carbon, water and heat fluxes for a Swedish boreal forest stand. , 2008 .

[151]  Q. V. Cao.  Predictions of individual-tree and whole-stand attributes for loblolly pine plantations , 2006 .

[152]  Andrew P. Robinson,et al.  Model validation using equivalence tests , 2004 .

[153]  Thomas Nord-Larsen.  Modeling Individual-Tree Growth from Data with Highly Irregular Measurement Intervals , 2006 .

[154]  Margarida Tomé,et al.  Modelling annual individual-tree growth and mortality of Scots pine with data obtained at irregular measurement intervals and containing missing observations. , 2010 .

[155]  Nicholas L. Crookston,et al.  An aggregation algorithm for increasing the efficiency of population models , 1993 .

[156]  Eric R Ziegel,et al.  Encyclopedia of Environmetrics Vols. 1-4 , 2002, Technometrics.

[157]  J. Vanclay,et al.  Assessing site productivity of indigenous cypress pine forest in southern Queensland , 1988 .

[158]  Nicholas L. Crookston,et al.  User's guide to the western spruce budworm modeling system , 1990 .

[159]  R. Monserud,et al.  A hybrid model for intensively managed Douglas-fir plantations in the Pacific Northwest, USA , 2010, European Journal of Forest Research.

[160]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Diameter Distributions and Yields Of Thinned Loblolly Pine Plantations , 1982 .

[161]  Genetic and Environmental Components of Variation of Site Index in Inland Douglas-Fir , 1990 .

[162]  Christopher B. Field,et al.  Tree Mortality in Gap Models: Application to Climate Change , 2001 .

[163]  James W. Goudie,et al.  An empirical model of crown shyness for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia [Engl.] Critch.) in British Columbia , 2009 .

[164]  Christian Bernhofer,et al.  A novel approach in model-based mapping of soil water conditions at forest sites , 2009 .

[165]  Andrew P. Robinson,et al.  Criteria for comparing the adaptability of forest growth models , 2003 .

[166]  J. Schröder,et al.  Modelling the effect of thinnings on the diameter distribution of even-aged Maritime pine stands , 2002 .

[167]  Q. V. Cao,et al.  Using segmented regression to model the density–size relationship in direct-seeded slash pine stands , 2008 .

[168]  Thomas Ledermann.  Using Logistic Regression to Model Tree Selection Preferences for Harvesting in Forests in Conversion , 2002 .

[169]  K. Stadt,et al.  MIXLIGHT: a flexible light transmission model for mixed-species forest stands. , 2000 .

[170]  D. W. Lynch.  Effects of stocking on site measurement and yield of second-growth ponderosa pine in the inland empire / , 1958 .

[171]  Christian Messier,et al.  Use of a spatially explicit individual-tree model (SORTIE/BC) to explore the implications of patchiness in structurally complex forests , 2003 .

[172]  H. Burkhart,et al.  The Influence of Thinning on Tree Height and Diameter Relationships in Loblolly Pine Plantations , 1997 .

[173]  Malka Gorfine,et al.  Sensitivity analysis for complex ecological models - A new approach , 2011, Environ. Model. Softw..

[174]  Effects of upper stem measurements on the predictive ability of a variable-exponent taper equation , 1998 .

[175]  Corinna Hawkes,et al.  Woody plant mortality algorithms: description, problems and progress , 2000 .

[176]  John W. Moser,et al.  A Generalized Framework for Projecting Forest Yield and Stand Structure Using Diameter Distributions , 1983 .

[177]  D. Hann,et al.  Bark Thickness and Bark Volume in Southwestern Oregon Douglas-Fir , 1990 .

[178]  B. Richardson,et al.  A model of the growth of juvenile radiata pine in the Central North Island of New Zealand: links with older models and rotation-length analyses of the effects of site preparation , 1997 .

[179]  J. White,et al.  CORRELATED CHANGES IN PLANT SIZE AND NUMBER IN PLANT POPULATIONS , 1970 .

[180]  J. Uusitalo,et al.  Implementing SmartForest forest visualization tool on PC environment. , 2000 .

[181]  Timo Melkas,et al.  Modelling bark thickness of Picea abies with taper curves , 2005 .

[182]  M. Ducey.  The ratio of additive and traditional stand density indices. , 2009 .

[183]  Albert R. Stage,et al.  An Expression for the Effect of Aspect, Slope, and Habitat Type on Tree Growth , 1976 .

[184]  E. David Ford,et al.  Theory and Models of Inter-Plant Competition as a Spatial Process , 1992 .

[185]  Ruth D. Yanai,et al.  Modeling changes in red spruce carbon balance and allocation in response to interacting ozone and nutrient stresses. , 1991, Tree physiology.

[186]  Hans Pretzsch,et al.  A Model for Individual Tree Development Based on Physiological Processes , 2002 .

[187]  M. Kimberley,et al.  Economic analysis of growth response from a pine plantation forest applied with biosolids , 2004 .

[188]  R. Bailey,et al.  Compatible basal-area growth and yield model for thinned and unthinned stands , 1983 .

[189]  D. Maguire,et al.  The effect of local stand structure on growth and growth efficiency in heterogeneous stands of ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine in central Oregon , 2004 .

[190]  Dale W. Johnson,et al.  Long-term nutrient cycling patterns in Douglas-fir and red alder stands: a simulation study , 2001 .

[191]  M. G. Ryan,et al.  The hydraulic limitation hypothesis revisited. , 2006, Plant, cell & environment.

[192]  Daniel Mailly,et al.  Growth intercept models for black spruce, jack pine and balsam fir in Quebec , 2005 .

[193]  George Z. Gertner,et al.  Using a Parallel Distributed Processing System to Model Individual Tree Mortality , 1991 .

[194]  H. Temesgen,et al.  Sources of Variation in the Self-Thinning Boundary Line for Three Species with Varying Levels of Shade Tolerance , 2009, Forest Science.

[195]  Time vs. light: a potentially useable light sum hybrid model to represent the juvenile growth of Douglas-fir subject to varying levels of competition , 2007 .

[196]  M. Lechowicz.  The Earth System : biological and ecological dimensions of global environmental change , 2003 .

[197]  Modelling mortality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations in the northwest of Spain , 2005, European Journal of Forest Research.

[198]  Richard Petritsch,et al.  Incorporating forest growth response to thinning within biome-BGC , 2007 .

[199]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Incorporating crown ratio into taper equations for loblolly pine trees , 1985 .

[200]  B. Zeide.  The mean diameter for stand density index , 1983 .

[201]  J. Qin,et al.  Projection of a diameter distribution through time , 2007 .

[202]  J. Opie.  Predictability of Individual Tree Growth Using Various Definitions of Competing Basal Area , 1968 .

[203]  K. Nyström,et al.  Individual tree basal area growth models for young stands of Norway spruce in Sweden , 1997 .

[204]  J. Marshall,et al.  Above- and below-ground production of trees and other vegetation on contrasting aspects in western Montana: a case study , 2001 .

[205]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  Compatible crown ratio and crown height models , 1987 .

[206]  D. Maguire,et al.  Sapwood taper models and implied sapwood volume and foliage profiles for coastal Douglas-fir , 1996 .

[207]  R. Buckman,et al.  Hastening the return of complex forests following fire: the consequences of delay. , 2004 .

[208]  Petteri Vanninen,et al.  Fine root biomass of Scots pine stands differing in age and soil fertility in southern Finland. , 1999, Tree physiology.

[209]  Robert L. Bailey,et al.  Fertilized Midrotation-Aged Slash Pine Plantations—Stand Structure and Yield Prediction Models , 1989 .

[210]  Douglas A. Maguire,et al.  The relationship between gross crown dimensions and sapwood area at crown base in Douglas-fir , 1989 .

[211]  H. Bossel.  Dynamics of forest dieback: Systems analysis and simulation , 1986 .

[212]  J. Goudriaan,et al.  A simple and fast numerical method for the computation of daily totals of crop photosynthesis. , 1986 .

[213]  Harry T. Valentine,et al.  Modeling crown rise in even-aged stands of Sitka spruce or loblolly pine , 1994 .

[214]  Nicholas L. Crookston,et al.  Linking climate, gross primary productivity, and site index across forests of the western United States , 2011 .

[215]  G. Reinds,et al.  The impact of atmospheric deposition and climate on forest growth in European monitoring plots: An individual tree growth model , 2009 .

[216]  Annikki Mäkelä,et al.  Implications of the pipe model theory on dry matter partitioning and height growth in trees , 1985 .

[217]  R. Nemani,et al.  Refinement of rooting depths using satellite-based evapotranspiration seasonality for ecosystem modeling in California , 2009 .

[218]  D. Hann,et al.  A growth model based on the self-thinning rule , 1986 .

[219]  Mingliang Wang,et al.  Modeling mortality of second-rotation loblolly pine plantations in the Piedmont/Upper Coastal Plain and Lower Coastal Plain of the southern United States , 2007 .

[220]  S. Running,et al.  A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes , 1988 .

[221]  J. N. Hool,et al.  A Basal Area Ratio Predictor of Loblolly Pine Plantation Mortality , 1979 .

[222]  A. Robinson,et al.  Imputing missing height measures using a mixed-effects modeling strategy , 2004 .

[223]  S. Eis.  Root systems of older immature hemlock, cedar, and Douglas-fir , 1987 .

[224]  H. W. Kassier.  Forest Dynamics, Growth and Yield: From Measurement to Model , 2011 .

[225]  R. Meldahl,et al.  Loblolly pine growth response to herbaceous vegetation control at different planting densities , 1999 .

[226]  Annikki Mäkelä,et al.  A carbon balance model of growth and self-pruning in trees based on structural relationships , 1997 .

[227]  David A. Hamilton.  Extending the range of applicability of an individual tree mortality model. , 1990 .

[228]  S. Eis.  Differential growth of individual components of trees and their interrelationships , 1986 .

[229]  Thomas R. Fox,et al.  Sustained productivity in intensively managed forest plantations , 2000 .

[230]  Klaus J. Puettmann,et al.  Evaluation of the size-density relationships for pure red alder and Douglas-fir stands , 1993 .

[231]  Jacques Brisson,et al.  Neighborhood competition and crown asymmetry in Acer saccharum , 2001 .

[232]  P. Sands,et al.  Calibrating the self-thinning frontier , 2009, 0909.2985.

[233]  Peter L. Marshall,et al.  A crown profile model for Pinus radiata D. Don in northwestern Spain , 2009 .

[234]  D. Mladenoff.  LANDIS and forest landscape models , 2004 .

[235]  J. Vanclay.  Aggregating tree species to develop diameter increment equations for tropical rainforests , 1991 .

[236]  Roger M. Gifford,et al.  Plant respiration in productivity models: conceptualisation, representation and issues for global terrestrial carbon-cycle research. , 2003, Functional plant biology : FPB.

[237]  D. Greene,et al.  An evaluation of alternative dispersal functions for trees , 2004 .

[238]  Jeremy S. Wilson,et al.  Presenting: landscape-scale forest information: what is sufficient and what is appropriate? , 2000 .

[239]  H. L. Allen,et al.  Modeling tree growth in fertilized midrotation loblolly pine plantations , 1998 .

[240]  John R. Hauser,et al.  Testing the Accuracy , 1977 .

[241]  Juha Lappi,et al.  A non-linear hierarchical mixed model to describe tree height growth , 2006, European Journal of Forest Research.

[242]  P. Berbigier,et al.  Sensitivity of the water balance of South-Western France maritime pine forests to climate , 1997 .

[243]  N. Augustin,et al.  A flexible regression model for diameter prediction , 2008, European Journal of Forest Research.

[244]  S. Pacala,et al.  Forest models defined by field measurements : Estimation, error analysis and dynamics , 1996 .

[245]  L. Pienaar,et al.  Survival Functions for Site-Prepared Slash Pine Plantations in the Flatwoods of Georgia and Northern Florida , 1981 .

[246]  H. L. Allen,et al.  Predicting fertilizer response in established loblolly pine plantations with basal area and site index. , 1982 .

[247]  Clark S. Binkley,et al.  Is succession in hardwood forests a stationary Markov process , 1980 .

[248]  Robert L. Bailey,et al.  Base-Age Invariant Polymorphic Site Curves , 1974 .

[249]  Nicholas C. Coops,et al.  Improving predictions of forest growth using the 3-PGS model with observations made by remote sensing , 2010 .

[250]  Hubert Hasenauer,et al.  Dimensional relationships of open-grown trees in Austria , 1997 .

[251]  R. D. Nyland,et al.  Individual-tree diameter growth model for sugar maple trees in uneven-aged northern hardwood stands under selection system , 2008 .

[252]  Annika Kangas,et al.  Methods for assessing uncertainty of growth and yield predictions , 1999 .

[253]  H. Temesgen,et al.  An Individual-Tree Mortality Model for Complex Stands of Southeastern British Columbia , 2005 .

[254]  T. Dean.  Potential Effect of Stand Structure on Belowground Allocation , 2001, Forest Science.

[255]  Steven W. Running,et al.  Incorporating intertree competition into an ecosystem model , 1995 .

[256]  L. Zhang,et al.  Maximum size–density relationships for mixed softwoods in the northeastern USA , 2002 .

[257]  Roderick C. Dewar,et al.  Carbon Allocation in Trees: a Review of Concepts for Modelling , 1994 .

[258]  Craig G. Lorimer,et al.  Predicting tree growth from crown variables in managed northern hardwood stands , 1994 .

[259]  R. Monserud,et al.  Methodology for simulating Wisconsin Northern Hardwood stand dynamics , 1980 .

[260]  David D. Marshall,et al.  Predicting height to crown base for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon , 2000 .

[261]  A. Kozak,et al.  A variable-exponent taper equation , 1988 .

[262]  M. Rautiainen,et al.  Crown envelope shape measurements and models , 2008 .

[263]  R. Barbour,et al.  Simulated stand characteristics and wood product yields from Douglas-fir plantations managed for ecosystem objectives , 1997 .

[264]  J. Bontemps,et al.  Long-term changes in forest productivity: a consistent assessment in even-aged stands , 2009 .

[265]  Timothy G. Gregoire,et al.  A non-linear mixed-effects model to predict cumulative bole volume of standing trees , 1996 .

[266]  Hailemariam Temesgen,et al.  Tree crown ratio models for multi-species and multi-layered stands of southeastern British Columbia , 2005 .

[267]  M. Ritchie,et al.  Modeling dynamics of competing vegetation in young conifer plantations of northern California and southern Oregon, USA , 2006 .

[268]  Alan B. Berg,et al.  Snag Characteristics and Dynamics in Douglas-Fir Forests, Western Oregon , 1980 .

[269]  William B. Leak.  Birch regeneration: a stochastic model , 1968 .

[270]  Paola Annoni,et al.  Sixth International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output How to avoid a perfunctory sensitivity analysis , 2010 .

[271]  L. Bertalanffy.  Problems of Organic Growth , 1949, Nature.

[272]  T. Nunifu.  Compatible diameter and height increment models for lodgepole pine, trembling aspen, and white spruce , 2009 .

[273]  Hailemariam Temesgen,et al.  Effects of height imputation strategies on stand volume estimation , 2009 .

[274]  H. Salminen,et al.  Modelling the effect of temperature on height increment of Scots pine at high latitudes , 2005 .

[275]  M. Kirschbaum,et al.  Why does rainfall affect the trend in soil carbon after converting pastures to forests? A possible explanation based on nitrogen dynamics , 2008 .

[276]  D. Hann,et al.  Impact of competitor species composition on predicting diameter growth and survival rates of Douglas-fir trees in southwestern Oregon , 2001 .

[277]  John A. Kershaw,et al.  Dominant height-based height-diameter equations for trees in southern Indiana , 2008 .

[278]  Roderick C. Dewar,et al.  Comment on the article by R. H. Waring, J. J. Landsberg and M. Williams relating net primar production to gross primary production , 1999 .

[279]  Eero Nikinmaa,et al.  Crown rise due to competition drives biomass allocation in silver birch , 2003 .

[280]  J. Weiner,et al.  Asymmetric competition in plant populations. , 1990, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[281]  A. Suratno,et al.  Tree species identification in mixed coniferous forest using airborne laser scanning , 2009 .

[282]  P. Sellers.  Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration , 1985 .

[283]  A. Ek,et al.  Climate change and site: relevant mechanisms and modeling techniques ☆ , 2001 .

[284]  Jaakko Heinonen,et al.  Stochastic Simulation of Forest Regeneration Establishment Using a Multilevel Multivariate Model , 2008 .

[285]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Genetic Improvement Effects on Growth and Yield of Loblolly Pine Plantations , 1987, Forest Science.

[286]  J. Monteith.  Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain , 1977 .

[287]  J. R. Wallis,et al.  Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth , 1972 .

[288]  J. B. Jett,et al.  Phenological variation in height and diameter growth in provenances and families of loblolly pine , 1998, New Forests.

[289]  J. Tappeiner,et al.  Silvicultural Approaches to Develop Northern Spotted Owl Nesting Sites, Central Coast Ranges, Oregon , 2005 .

[290]  R. Amateis,et al.  Projecting Crown Measures for Loblolly Pine Trees Using a Generalized Thinning Response Function , 1995 .

[291]  L. R. Auchmoody.  Evaluating growth responses to fertilization , 1985 .

[292]  M. G. Ryan,et al.  Total Belowground Carbon Allocation in a Fast-growing Eucalyptus Plantation Estimated Using a Carbon Balance Approach , 2002, Ecosystems.

[293]  Martin W. Ritchie,et al.  Equations for predicting height to crown base for fourteen tree species in southwest Oregon , 1987 .

[294]  Michael Battaglia,et al.  Hybrid growth model to predict height and volume growth in young Eucalyptus globulus plantations , 1999 .

[295]  Y. Vuokila.  Functions for variable density yield tables of pine based on temporary sample plots. , 1965 .

[296]  H. Hasenauer,et al.  Modeling Regeneration in Even and Uneven-Aged Mixed Species Forests , 2006 .

[297]  Veronica C. Lessard,et al.  Diameter Growth Models Using Minnesota Forest Inventory and Analysis Data , 2001 .

[298]  G. Wang.  Is height of dominant trees at a reference diameter an adequate measure of site quality , 1998 .

[299]  C. T. Dyrness,et al.  Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington , 1988 .

[300]  H. Lee Allen,et al.  Tree Nutrition and Forest Fertilization of Pine Plantations in the Southern United States , 2007 .

[301]  Hans Pretzsch,et al.  Improving the simulation of stand structure in a forest gap model , 1997 .

[302]  J. Ranger,et al.  Belowground biomass and nutrient content in a 47-year-old Douglas-fir plantation , 2001 .

[303]  Nicholas L. Crookston,et al.  User's guide to the stand prognosis model / , 1982 .

[304]  David A. Herman,et al.  Fiber 3.0: An ecological growth model for northeastern forest types. Forest Service general technical report (Final) , 1995 .

[305]  R. Curtis.  Effect of Diameter Limits and Stand Structure on Relative Density Indices: A Case Study , 2010 .

[306]  Ian R. Scott.  Sylview: a visualization system for forest management , 2006 .

[307]  V. Sit,et al.  CATALOGUE OF CURVES FOR CURVE FITTING , 1994 .

[308]  Paul S. Johnson,et al.  Modeling the regeneration of oak stands in the Missouri Ozark Highlands , 1996 .

[309]  Abraham J. Escobar-Gutiérrez,et al.  Carbon-based models of individual tree growth: A critical appraisal , 2001 .

[310]  G. Nigh,et al.  How well can we select undamaged site trees for estimating site index , 1999 .

[311]  Robert A. Monserud,et al.  Time-Series Analyses of Tree-Ring Chronologies , 1986, Forest Science.

[312]  M. R. Saunders,et al.  Height-diameter models with random coefficients and site variables for tree species of Central Maine , 2008, Annals of Forest Science.

[313]  Timothy G. Gregoire,et al.  Using Simultaneous Regression Techniques with Individual-Tree Growth Models , 1998 .

[314]  R. K. Dixon,et al.  Process modeling of forest growth responses to environmental stress , 1991 .

[315]  W. H. Meyer,et al.  The yield of Douglas fir in the Pacific northwest , 1930 .

[316]  R. Curtis.  Stand density measures: an interpretation. , 1970 .

[317]  Richard E. Miller,et al.  Long-term Growth Response of Douglas-fir to Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer , 1983 .

[318]  R. Nelson,et al.  Regression Estimation Following the Square-Root Transformation of the Response , 2008, Forest Science.

[319]  M. Johnston,et al.  Hybrid poplar growth in bioenergy production systems: Biomass prediction with a simple process-based model (3PG) , 2010 .

[320]  Maosheng Zhao,et al.  A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production , 2004 .

[321]  E. Schulze,et al.  Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration : scaling from leaves to canopies , 1995 .

[322]  O. García,et al.  Realized gain and prediction of yield with genetically improved Pinus radiata in New Zealand , 1999 .

[323]  A. Zingg,et al.  Evaluation of the forest growth model SILVA along an elevational gradient in Switzerland , 2006, European Journal of Forest Research.

[324]  E. Boone,et al.  Deriving tree diameter distributions using Bayesian model averaging , 2007 .

[325]  John M. Norman,et al.  Characterization of radiation regimes in nonrandom forest canopies: theory, measurements, and a simplified modeling approach. , 1999, Tree physiology.

[326]  R. Mäkipää,et al.  Quantifying distance-independent tree competition for predicting Norway spruce mortality in unmanaged forests , 2011 .

[327]  Isabelle Alvarez,et al.  Long-Term Influence of the Spatial Structure of an Initial State on the Dynamics of a Forest Growth Model: A Simulation Study Using the Capsis Platform , 2006, Simul..

[328]  H. Sterba,et al.  Derivation of compatible crown width equations for some important tree species of Spain , 2005 .

[329]  M. Lavine,et al.  Survival of tree seedlings across space and time: estimates from long‐term count data , 2005 .

[330]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  Evaluation of Two Methods for Cubic-Volume Prediction of Loblolly Pine to Any Merchantable Limit , 1980 .

[331]  A. Hopkins,et al.  Bioclimatics: A Science of Life and Climate Relations , 1938 .

[332]  Andrew P. Robinson,et al.  Development and testing of regeneration imputation models for forests in Minnesota , 1997 .

[333]  T. Tokola,et al.  Evaluation of forest growth simulators with NFI permanent sample plot data from Finland , 2010 .

[334]  E. Mason,et al.  Effects of weed control, fertilization, and soil cultivation on the growth of Pinus radiata at midrotation in Canterbury, New Zealand , 1999 .

[335]  R. A. Leary,et al.  Testing models of unthinned red pine plantation dynamics using a modified Bakuzis matrix of stand properties , 1997 .

[336]  H. Hasenauer,et al.  Predicting juvenile tree height growth in uneven-aged mixed species stands in Austria , 1997 .

[337]  J. Leech.  Estimating crown width from diameter at breast height for open-grown radiata pine trees in South Australia , 1984 .

[338]  W. Plonski.  Normal yield tables (metric) for major forest species of ontario , 1974 .

[339]  Philip J. Radtke,et al.  Bayesian melding of a forest ecosystem model with correlated inputs , 2002 .

[340]  D. Hann.  Stability and density management in Douglas-fir plantations , 2001 .

[341]  Application and Evaluation of the Growth Simulator SILVA 2 . 2 for Forest Stands , Forest Estates and Large Regions , 2008 .

[342]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  An Evaluation of Sampling Methods and Model Forms for Estimating Height-Diameter Relationships in Loblolly Pine Plantations , 1992, Forest Science.

[343]  J. N. Hool,et al.  A Dynamic Programming—Markov Chain Approach to Forest Production Control , 1966 .

[344]  A. Goodwin.  A cubic tree taper model , 2009 .

[345]  S. S. Luna,et al.  Inverse modeling for effective dispersal: Do we need tree size to estimate fecundity? , 2010 .

[346]  M. Kirschbaum,et al.  Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming? , 2000 .

[347]  R. Mead,et al.  A Relationship between Individual Plant-spacing and Yield , 1966 .

[348]  P. Gould,et al.  Incorporation of genetic gain into growth projections of Douglas-Fir using ORGANON and the Forest Vegetation Simulator , 2010 .

[349]  D. Hann.  A key to the literature presenting tree volume and taper equations for species in the Pacific Northwest and California , 1994 .

[350]  P. G. Adlard,et al.  Simulation of the Growth of Even-Aged Stands of White Spruce , 1971 .

[351]  David L. Loftis.  Species composition of regeneration after clearcutting Southern Appalachian hardwoods , 1989 .

[352]  M. Westoby,et al.  Small‐seeded species produce more seeds per square metre of canopy per year, but not per individual per lifetime , 2004 .

[353]  R. Monserud,et al.  Modeling crown structural responses to competing vegetation control, thinning, fertilization, and Swiss needle cast in coastal Douglas-fir of the Pacific Northwest, USA. , 2007 .

[354]  D. Hann,et al.  Crown profile equations for stand-grown western hemlock trees in northwestern Oregon , 2003 .

[355]  Mike R. Strub,et al.  Evaluation of Four Methods to Estimate Parameters of an Annual Tree Survival and Diameter Growth Model , 2008 .

[356]  H. Granberg.  A forest shading model using bit-mapped graphics , 1988 .

[357]  Hojka Kraigher,et al.  Using the process-based stand model ANAFORE including Bayesian optimisation to predict wood quality and quantity and their uncertainty in Slovenian beech , 2009 .

[358]  R. A. Leary.  A framework for assessing and rewarding a scientist's research productivity , 2005, Scientometrics.

[359]  P. Newton.  Development of an integrated decision-support model for density management within jack pine stand-types , 2009 .

[360]  Risto Sievänen,et al.  Application of volume growth and survival graphs in the evaluation of four process-based forest growth models. , 2000, Tree physiology.

[361]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Top height definition and its effect on site index determination in thinned and unthinned loblolly pine plantations , 2002 .

[362]  G. Rehfeldt.  A spline model of climate for the Western United States , 2006 .

[363]  Chris J. Cieszewski,et al.  Generalized algebraic difference approach: theory based derivation of dynamic site equations with polymorphism and variable asymptotes. , 2000 .

[364]  M. Kirschbaum,et al.  The carbon budget of Pinus radiata plantations in south-western Australia under four climate change scenarios. , 2009, Tree physiology.

[365]  R. Waring,et al.  A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency, carbon balance and partitioning , 1997 .

[366]  N. Subedi,et al.  Evaluating Height-Age Determination Methods for Jack Pine and Black Spruce Plantations Using Stem Analysis Data , 2010 .

[367]  Steven A. Knowe,et al.  Predicting the effects of site preparation and protection on development of young Douglas-fir plantations , 1995 .

[368]  A. Kozak,et al.  My last words on taper equations , 2004 .

[369]  H. Petersson.  A segmented stem profile model for Pinus sylvestris , 1999 .

[370]  Margaret R. Holdaway.  Modeling the effect of competition on tree diameter growth as applied in STEMS. , 1984 .

[371]  S. Pacala,et al.  SEEDLING RECRUITMENT IN FORESTS: CALIBRATING MODELS TO PREDICT PATTERNS OF TREE SEEDLING DISPERSION' , 1994 .

[372]  N. Picard,et al.  Choosing classes for size projection matrix models. , 2010 .

[373]  Joseph Buongiorno,et al.  Predicting the growth of stands of trees of mixed species and size: A matrix model for Norway , 2008 .

[374]  G. De’ath.  Boosted trees for ecological modeling and prediction. , 2007, Ecology.

[375]  T. Ledermann,et al.  Inventory and modelling for forests in transition from even-aged to uneven-aged management , 2006 .

[376]  Hailemariam Temesgen,et al.  Imputing tree-lists from aerial attributes for complex stands of south-eastern British Columbia , 2003 .

[377]  J. Hynynen.  Predicting the growth response to thinning for Scots pine stands using individual-tree growth models. , 1995 .

[378]  G. Schnur,et al.  Yield, Stand, And Volume Tables For Even-Aged Upland Oak Forests , 1937 .

[379]  T. Fonseca,et al.  Describing Maritime Pine Diameter Distributions with Johnson's SB Distribution Using a New All-Parameter Recovery Approach , 2009, Forest Science.

[380]  D. Whitehead,et al.  Modelling the influence of weed competition on the growth of young Pinus radiata at a dryland site , 2003 .

[381]  Bernard R. Parresol,et al.  Simple, flexible, trigonometric taper equations , 1991 .

[382]  D. Hann,et al.  Predicting the Effects of Silvicultural Regime on Branch Size and Crown Wood Core in Douglas-Fir , 1991 .

[383]  Gary J. Brand,et al.  A description of STEMS-- the stand and tree evaluation and modeling system. , 1982 .

[384]  Walter J. Meerschaert,et al.  Tree height and diameter growth models for northern California conifers , 1987 .

[385]  M. Westoby,et al.  Seedling survival and seed size: a synthesis of the literature , 2004 .

[386]  K. Gadow,et al.  Testing a new competition index for Maritime pine in northwestern Spain , 1999 .

[387]  James E. Mays,et al.  Crown profile modeling of loblolly pine by nonparametric regression analysis , 1998 .

[388]  J. Leeuw.  Nonlinear Regression with R , 2008 .

[389]  R. Daubenmire,et al.  The use of vegetation in assessing the productivity of forest lands , 1976, The Botanical Review.

[390]  Raisa Mäkipää,et al.  Biomass and stem volume equations for tree species in Europe , 2005, Silva Fennica Monographs.

[391]  Harry T. Valentine,et al.  Tree-growth models: Derivations employing the pipe-model theory , 1985 .

[392]  Richard H. Waring,et al.  Estimating Forest Growth and Efficiency in Relation to Canopy Leaf Area , 1983 .

[393]  J. Ross.  The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands , 1981, Tasks for vegetation sciences 3.

[394]  V. Carey,et al.  Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-Plus , 2001 .

[395]  Thomas G. Matney,et al.  Compatible stand and stock tables for thinned and unthinned loblolly pine stands , 1982 .

[396]  T. Honer,et al.  Crown Shape in Open- and Forest-Grown Balsam Fir and Black Spruce , 1971 .

[397]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  A bivariate distribution approach to modeling forest diameter distributions at two points in time , 1991 .

[398]  Eddie Bevilacqua,et al.  Modeling tree mortality in low- to medium-density uneven-aged hardwood stands under a selection system using generalized estimating equations. , 2009 .

[399]  G. Wang.  An ecologically based model for site index conversion among species , 1998 .

[400]  Jon T. Schnute,et al.  A Versatile Growth Model with Statistically Stable Parameters , 1981 .

[401]  J. Régnière,et al.  Biophysical Site Indices for Shade Tolerant and Intolerant Boreal Species , 2001 .

[402]  Jari Miina,et al.  Predicting regeneration establishment in Norway spruce plantations using a multivariate multilevel model , 2006, New Forests.

[403]  Jacob Weiner,et al.  Mechanisms determining the degree of size asymmetry in competition among plants , 1998, Oecologia.

[404]  R. Keane,et al.  Simulating effects of fire on northern Rocky Mountain landscapes with the ecological process model FIRE-BGC. , 1996, Tree physiology.

[405]  Roger A. Williams,et al.  Comparison of site index and biomass production of spruce-fir stands by soil drainage class in Maine , 1991 .

[406]  P. Stenberg,et al.  Importance of needle age and shoot structure on canopy net photosynthesis of balsam fir (Abies balsamea): a spatially inexplicit modeling analysis. , 2001, Tree physiology.

[407]  M. McDill,et al.  Developing a system of annual tree growth equations for the loblolly pine - shortleaf pine type in Louisiana , 2002 .

[408]  T. Keenan,et al.  Predicting the future of forests in the Mediterranean under climate change, with niche‐ and process‐based models: CO2 matters! , 2011 .

[409]  Margaret R. Holdaway,et al.  Modeling Tree Crown Ratio , 1986 .

[410]  A. Mäkelä,et al.  Estimating annual GPP, NPP and stem growth in Finland using summary models , 2010 .

[411]  C. Oliver,et al.  Three-Dimensional Representation of Douglas-Fir Volume Growth: Comparison of Growth and Yield Models with Stand Data , 1988 .

[412]  Martin W. Ritchie,et al.  Equations for predicting basal area increment in Douglas-fir and grand fir , 1985 .

[413]  R. Bailey.  A compatible volume-taper model based on the Schumacher and Hall generalized constant form factor volume equation. , 1994 .

[414]  H. Sterba.  Forest inventories and growth models to examine management strategies for forests in transition , 2002 .

[415]  Mark G. Tjoelker,et al.  Foliar respiration acclimation to temperature and temperature variable Q10 alter ecosystem carbon balance , 2005 .

[416]  J. Dhôte.  Hypotheses about competition for light and water in even-aged common beech (Fagus silvatica L.) , 1994 .

[417]  S. King.  Using ROC curves to compare neural networks and logistic regression for modeling individual noncatastrophic tree mortality , 2003 .

[418]  Joseph Buongiorno,et al.  A matrix model of uneven-aged forest management. , 1980 .

[419]  G. Schwarz.  Estimating the Dimension of a Model , 1978 .

[420]  M. Huber.  Assessing the long-term species composition predicted by PrognAus , 2010, Forest ecology and management.

[421]  D. Bragg.  Practical extension of a Lake States tree height model , 2008 .

[422]  Mahadev Sharma,et al.  Modeling stand density effects on taper for jack pine and black spruce plantations using dimensional analysis. , 2009 .

[423]  P. Marshall,et al.  Assessing components of competition indices for young boreal plantations , 1990 .

[424]  S. Huang,et al.  Incorporating correlated error structures into mixed forest growth models: prediction and inference implications , 2010 .

[425]  J. J. C. Rivas,et al.  The effect of competition on individual tree basal area growth in mature stands of Pinus cooperi Blanco in Durango (Mexico) , 2005, European Journal of Forest Research.

[426]  Andrew Fall,et al.  Forest processes from stands to landscapes: exploring model forecast uncertainties using cross-scale model comparison , 2010 .

[427]  Sudipto Banerjee,et al.  HIERARCHICAL SPATIAL MODELS FOR PREDICTING TREE SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES ACROSS LARGE DOMAINS. , 2009, The annals of applied statistics.

[428]  G. Biging,et al.  Autoregressive moving average models of crown profiles for two California hardwood species , 2002 .

[429]  Michael Hauhs,et al.  The role of visualization in forest growth modelling , 1999 .

[430]  B. Medlyn.  Physiological basis of the light use efficiency model. , 1998, Tree physiology.

[431]  M. North,et al.  Analyzing canopy structure in Pacific Northwest old-growth forests with a stand-scale crown model , 1996 .

[432]  Andrew D. Friend,et al.  A process-based, terrestrial biosphere model of ecosystem dynamics (Hybrid v3.0) , 1997 .

[433]  Ying Ping Wang,et al.  A comparison of three different canopy radiation models commonly used in plant modelling. , 2003, Functional plant biology : FPB.

[434]  Boris Zeide,et al.  Analysis of Growth Equations , 1993 .

[435]  K. E. Lowell,et al.  Fertilizing radiata pine plantations: predicting long-term effects , 1988 .

[436]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Modeling individual tree growth for juvenile loblolly pine plantations , 1996 .

[437]  Robert A. Monserud,et al.  An evaluation of diagnostic tests and their roles in validating forest biometric models , 2004 .

[438]  James S. Clark,et al.  Capturing diversity and interspecific variability in allometries: A hierarchical approach , 2008 .

[439]  G. M. Furnival.  An index for comparing equations used in constructing volume tables , 1961 .

[440]  S. T. Gower,et al.  Measurements of branch area and adjusting leaf area index indirect measurements , 1998 .

[441]  Duncan S. Wilson,et al.  Density Management Diagram for Northeastern Red Spruce and Balsam Fir Forests , 1999 .

[442]  Andrej Pázman,et al.  Nonlinear Regression , 2019, Handbook of Regression Analysis With Applications in R.

[443]  V. Johannsen,et al.  A state-space approach to stand growth modelling of European beech , 2007, Annals of Forest Science.

[444]  N. Coops,et al.  Performance of the forest productivity model 3-PG applied to a wide range of forest types , 2003 .

[445]  Daniel A. Yaussy,et al.  Comparison of an empirical forest growth and yield simulator and a forest gap simulator using actual 30-year growth from two even-aged forests in Kentucky , 2000 .

[446]  Timothy G. Gregorie,et al.  Generalized Error Structure for Forestry Yield Models , 1987 .

[447]  R. C. Woollons,et al.  Even-aged stand mortality estimation through a two-step regression process , 1998 .

[448]  Hannu Hökkä,et al.  Models for predicting stand development in MELA System , 2002 .

[449]  William A. Bechtold,et al.  Crown-Diameter Prediction Models for 87 Species of Stand-Grown Trees in the Eastern United States , 2003 .

[450]  D. MacFarlane.  Predicting branch to bole volume scaling relationships from varying centroids of tree bole volume , 2010 .

[451]  M. G. Ryan,et al.  Seasonal respiration of foliage, fine roots, and woody tissues in relation to growth, tissue N, and photosynthesis , 2002 .

[452]  L. Pienaar,et al.  Basal area prediction and projection equations for pine plantations , 1986 .

[453]  Michael S. Watt,et al.  Advances in modelling and decision support systems for vegetation management in young forest plantations , 2006 .

[454]  Santa Maria.  ESTIMATIVA DO CRESCIMENTO DE POVOAMENTOS DE Eucalyptus BASEADA NA TEORIA DOS MODELOS NÃO LINEARES EM MULTINÍVEL DE EFEITO MISTO GROWTH ESTIMATE OF Eucalyptus STANDS BASED ON NONLINEAR MULTILEVEL MIXED- EFFECTS MODEL THEORY , 2005 .

[455]  Gregory S. Biging,et al.  Evaluation of competition indices in individual tree growth models , 1995 .

[456]  James S. Clark,et al.  STAGES AND SPATIAL SCALES OF RECRUITMENT LIMITATION IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FORESTS , 1998 .

[457]  Robert L. Bailey,et al.  Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling for Slash Pine Dominant Height Growth Following Intensive Silvicultural Treatments , 2001 .

[458]  Oscar García,et al.  The state-space approach in growth modelling , 1994 .

[459]  Ronald E. McRoberts,et al.  Variation in forest inventory field measurements , 1994 .

[460]  D. Hann,et al.  Equations for predicting height-to-crown-base, 5-year diameter-growth rate, 5-year height-growth rate, 5-year mortality rate, and maximum size-density trajectory for Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest , 2003 .

[461]  Robert M. Farrar.  Stem-profile Functions for Predicting Multiple-Product Volumes in Natural Longleaf Pines , 1987 .

[462]  S. Caudill,et al.  A Stochastic Frontier Model for Fitting Tree Crown Shape in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) , 1996 .

[463]  D. Macmillan,et al.  Models to predict the General Yield Class of Douglas fir, Japanese larch and Scots pine on better quality land in Scotland , 1996 .

[464]  Jacques Ranger,et al.  Modelling nutrient cycling and integrating nutrient cycling into growth models , 2004 .

[465]  Julian C. Fox,et al.  Stochastic structure and individual-tree growth models , 2001 .

[466]  K. Klinka,et al.  Indicator Plants of Coastal British Columbia , 1989 .

[467]  V. Baldwin,et al.  Loblolly Pine Growth and Yield Prediction for Managed West Gulf Plantations , 1987 .

[468]  J. Klaus,et al.  The relative dominance hypothesis explains interaction dynamics in mixed species Alnus rubra/Pseudotsuga menziesii stands , 2004 .

[469]  R. Carter,et al.  Relationships Between Site Index and Synoptic Environmental Factors in Immature Coastal Douglas-Fir Stands , 1990, Forest Science.

[470]  D. Clark,et al.  Tree growth inference and prediction when the point of measurement changes: modelling around buttresses in tropical forests , 2009, Journal of Tropical Ecology.

[471]  H. Burkhart,et al.  A framework for modeling the dynamics of first-order branches and spatial distribution of knots in loblolly pine trees. , 2009 .

[472]  U. Diéguez-Aranda,et al.  Modelling stand basal area growth for radiata pine plantations in Northwestern Spain using the GADA , 2007, Annals of Forest Science.

[473]  J. Lappi.  Calibration of Height and Volume Equations with Random Parameters , 1991, Forest Science.

[474]  L. Gu,et al.  Crown structure and growth efficiency of red spruce in uneven-aged, mixed-species stands in Maine , 1998 .

[475]  P. Larson.  Stem Form Development of Forest Trees , 1963 .

[476]  D. Hodáňová.  An introduction to environmental biophysics , 1979, Biologia Plantarum.

[477]  P. J. Clark,et al.  Distance to Nearest Neighbor as a Measure of Spatial Relationships in Populations , 1954 .

[478]  M. Battaglia,et al.  CABALA: a linked carbon, water and nitrogen model of forest growth for silvicultural decision support , 2004 .

[479]  X. J. Rondón,et al.  Projection of tree growth and timber volume following strip clear-cutting in the Peruvian Amazon , 2009 .

[480]  P. Adame,et al.  Modeling individual-tree mortality in Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) stands , 2010, Annals of Forest Science.

[481]  Hans Pretzsch,et al.  Analysis and modeling of spatial stand structures. Methodological considerations based on mixed beech-larch stands in Lower Saxony , 1997 .

[482]  G. Nigh.  A system for estimating height and site index of western hemlock in the interior of British Columbia , 1998 .

[483]  Joseph Buongiorno,et al.  Fixed versus variable-parameter matrix models of forest growth: the case of maple-birch forests , 1997 .

[484]  Paul S. Johnson,et al.  Approaches to modeling natural regeneration in oak-dominated forests , 1998 .

[485]  J. Tappeiner,et al.  Exposed Crown Surface Area: A Mathematical Index of Individual Tree Growth Potential , 1975 .

[486]  R. Grote.  Integrating dynamic morphological properties into forest growth modelling II Allocation and mortality , 1998 .

[487]  F. Uzoh,et al.  Individual tree diameter increment model for managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine throughout the western United States using a multilevel linear mixed effects model , 2008 .

[488]  Changhui Peng,et al.  Growth and yield models for uneven-aged stands: past, present and future , 2000 .

[489]  Douglas A. Maguire,et al.  A sampling strategy for estimating past crown recession on temporary growth plots. , 1990 .

[490]  Timothy G. Gregoire,et al.  Accuracy Testing and Estimation Alternatives , 1988, Forest Science.

[491]  H. Pretzscha,et al.  The single tree-based stand simulator SILVA : construction , application and evaluation , 2002 .

[492]  W. A. Farr,et al.  Site Index of Sitka Spruce Along the Pacific Coast Related to Latitude and Temperatures , 1979 .

[493]  Alan R. Ek,et al.  Optimizing the Management of Uneven-aged Forest Stands , 1974 .

[494]  J. Flewelling,et al.  Stand Density Management: an Alternative Approach and Its Application to Douglas-fir Plantations , 1979 .

[495]  P. Gould,et al.  Extending sapwood — Leaf area relationships from stems to roots in Coast Douglas-fir , 2008, Annals of Forest Science.

[496]  H. H. Chisman,et al.  On the tree-area ratio and certain of its applications. , 1940 .

[497]  S. Shifley,et al.  Classification and regression tree based survival analysis in oak-dominated forests of Missouri's Ozark highlands , 2006 .

[498]  L. Norell,et al.  Modelling survival probability of individual trees in Norway spruce stands under different thinning regimes , 2005 .

[499]  Juha Lappi.  Estimating the distribution of a variable measured with error: stand densities in a forest inventory , 1991 .

[500]  G. Nigh.  The Geometric Mean Regression Line: A Method for Developing Site Index Conversion Equations for Species in Mixed Stands , 1995 .

[501]  Martin W. Ritchie,et al.  Equations for predicting the 5-year height growth of six conifer species in southwest Oregon , 1990 .

[502]  Robert A. Monserud,et al.  Simulation of forest tree mortality , 1976 .

[503]  Bruce C. Larson,et al.  Is there a correct stand density index? An alternate interpretation. , 2003 .

[504]  Bruce E. Borders,et al.  Systems of Equations in Forest Stand Modeling , 1989, Forest Science.

[505]  F. Uzoh,et al.  Individual tree height increment model for managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine throughout the western United States using linear mixed effects models , 2006 .

[506]  T. Burk,et al.  Notes: A Simple Algorithm for Moment-Based Recovery of Weibull Distribution Parameters , 1984 .

[507]  Euan G. Mason,et al.  Quantitative validation and comparison of a range of forest growth model types , 2006 .

[508]  Annika Kangas,et al.  On the prediction bias and variance in long-term growth projections , 1997 .

[509]  V C Baldwin,et al.  Predicting the crown shape of loblolly pine trees , 1997 .

[510]  A. R. Stage,et al.  Effects of competitor spacing in a new class of individual-tree indices of competition: semi- distance-independent indices computed for Bitterlich versus fixed-area plots , 2008 .

[511]  O. Loucks,et al.  Application of Life-Table Analyses to Tree Seedlings in Quetico Provincial Park, Ontario , 1968 .

[512]  J. Kershaw,et al.  Influence of canopy structure assumptions on predictions from Beer's law. A comparison of deterministic and stochastic simulations , 1996 .

[513]  Alexander Kukush,et al.  Measurement Error Models , 2011, International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science.

[514]  R. A. Monserud,et al.  Control of plot edge bias in forest stand growth simulation models , 1977 .

[515]  Comparison of stochastic and deterministic mortality estimation in an individual tree based stand growth model , 1986 .

[516]  J. Monteith.  Evaporation and environment. , 1965, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology.

[517]  J. Thornley,et al.  A Transport-resistance Model of Forest Growth and Partitioning , 1991 .

[518]  J. Turner,et al.  A soil technical classification system for Pinus radiata (D. Don) plantations. I. Development. , 1990 .

[519]  A. Cajander,et al.  Forest types and their significance. , 1949 .

[520]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Modelling Inter- and Intra-specific Competition in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Plantations on Cutover, Site-prepared Lands , 1994 .

[521]  Dimitris Zianis,et al.  Predicting mean aboveground forest biomass and its associated variance , 2008 .

[522]  David D. Marshall,et al.  Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements , 1998 .

[523]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Diameter Increment and Survival Equations for Loblolly Pine Trees Growing in Thinned and Unthinned Plantations on Cutover, Site-Prepared Lands , 1989 .

[524]  Jerome K. Vanclay,et al.  Modelling Forest Growth and Yield: Applications to Mixed Tropical Forests , 1994 .

[525]  D. Hann,et al.  Evaluation of alternative approaches for predicting individual tree volume increment. , 2010 .

[526]  J. Hervé,et al.  Modelling crown shape of Piceaabies: spacing effects , 1996 .

[527]  Denis Loustau,et al.  Temperature response of parameters of a biochemically based model of photosynthesis. II. A review of experimental data , 2002 .

[528]  Dietrich Stoyan,et al.  Edge-correction needs in estimating indices of spatial forest structure , 2006 .

[529]  L. Pienaar,et al.  Yield prediction for mechanically site-prepared slash pine plantations. , 1990 .

[530]  Hubert Hasenauer,et al.  Biased predictions for tree height increment models developed from smoothed ‘data’ , 1997 .

[531]  Denis-Didier Rousseau,et al.  Selecting models to predict the timing of flowering of temperate trees: implications for tree phenology modelling , 1999 .

[532]  R. Curtis,et al.  Levels-of-growing-stock cooperative study in douglas-fir: Report No. 12. The Iron Creek study. 1966-89. Forest Service research paper , 1986 .

[533]  S. Kant,et al.  Forest-level analyses of uneven-aged hardwood forests , 2008 .

[534]  G. Vieilledent,et al.  Biases in the estimation of size-dependent mortality models: advantages of a semiparametric approach , 2009 .

[535]  Michael Battaglia,et al.  Modelling Site Productivity of Eucalyptus globulus in Response to Climatic and Site Factors , 1997 .

[536]  Annika Kangas,et al.  Propagating the errors of initial forest variables through stand- and tree-level growth simulators , 2010, European Journal of Forest Research.

[537]  H. Sterba,et al.  Adapting an individual tree growth model for Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in pure and mixed species stands , 2002 .

[538]  H. Kieth,et al.  Review of allometric relationships for estimating woody biomass for New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia , 1999 .

[539]  H. Bugmann.  A Review of Forest Gap Models , 2001 .

[540]  J. C. Carlyle,et al.  Soil nitrogen availability predictor (SNAP): a simple model for predicting mineralisation of nitrogen in forest soils , 2002 .

[541]  G. Gertner,et al.  Modeling red pine tree survival with an artificial neural network , 1991 .

[542]  D. Hann,et al.  The dynamics of mixed stands of Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga menziesii: extension of size−density analysis to species mixture , 1992 .

[543]  Hubert Hasenauer,et al.  Sustainable forest management : growth models for Europe , 2006 .

[544]  Jian Wang,et al.  Comparison of height growth and growth intercept models of jack pine plantations and natural stands in northern Ontario , 2006 .

[545]  J. Kershaw,et al.  Crown structure in western hemlock, Douglas-fir, and grand fir in western Washington: trends in branch-level mass and leaf area , 1995 .

[546]  C. Priestley,et al.  On the Assessment of Surface Heat Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Parameters , 1972 .

[547]  Leah C. Rathbun,et al.  Modeling mortality in mixed-species stands of coastal British Columbia. , 2010 .

[548]  J. M. Cahill,et al.  Financial Analysis of Pruning Douglas-Fir and Ponderosa Pine in the Pacific Northwest , 1993 .

[549]  S. Knowe.  Incorporating the effects of interspecific competition and vegetation management treatments in stand table projection models for Douglas-fir saplings☆ , 1994 .

[550]  A. Mäkelä,et al.  Crown development in Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] , 2004, Trees.

[551]  F. Houllier,et al.  Growth and management of mixed-species, uneven-aged forests in the French Jura : implications for economic returns and tree diversity , 1995 .

[552]  Heike Lischke,et al.  Effect of forest management on future carbon pools and fluxes: A model comparison , 2006 .

[553]  P. Sands.  Modelling Canopy Production. II. From Single-Leaf Photosynthesis Parameters to Daily Canopy Photosynthesis , 1995 .

[554]  D. Hann,et al.  Regional height-diameter equations for major tree species of southwest Oregon. , 2007 .

[555]  S. Eis.  Root Grafts and their Silvicultural Implications , 1972 .

[556]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  Linking growth and yield and process models to estimate impact of environmental changes on growth of loblolly pine , 2001 .

[557]  J. Schröder,et al.  An age-independent basal area increment model for maritime pine trees in northwestern Spain , 2002 .

[558]  Godefridus M. J. Mohren,et al.  Forest development in relation to ungulate grazing: a modeling approach , 1999 .

[559]  L. Pienaar,et al.  Modeling Stand Level Growth and Yield Response to Silvicultural Treatments , 1995 .

[561]  A. R. Stage.  A Mathematical Approach to Polymorphic Site Index Curves for Grand Fir , 1963 .

[562]  D. Hann,et al.  Modeling top height growth of red alder plantations , 2009 .

[563]  V. Lemay,et al.  Effects of adding tree, stand, and site variables to Kozak's variable-exponent taper equation , 1994 .

[564]  S. Kurinobu,et al.  Stand-volume prediction of improved trees based on the realized gain in progeny tests of HINOKI (chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) , 1987 .

[565]  C. Bigler,et al.  Assessing the performance of theoretical and empirical tree mortality models using tree-ring series of Norway spruce , 2004 .

[566]  L. Pienaar,et al.  Yield Prediction for Mechanically Site-Prepared Slash Pine Plantations in the Southeastern Coastal Plain , 1993 .

[567]  W. McNab.  Effects of Landform on site index for two mesophytic tree species in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, USA , 2010 .

[568]  M. Kirschbaum.  A modeling analysis of the interaction between forest age and forest responsiveness to increasing CO2 concentration. , 2005, Tree physiology.

[569]  M. Jonard,et al.  Modeling seed dispersal of black cherry, an invasive forest tree: how microsatellites may help? , 2006 .

[570]  S. Huang,et al.  Predicting lodgepole pine site index from climatic parameters in Alberta , 2006 .

[571]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  Predicting Crown-Height Increment for Thinned and Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantations , 1992 .

[572]  S. Huang,et al.  Development of ecoregion-based height–diameter models for white spruce in boreal forests , 2000 .

[573]  Q. V. Cao,et al.  A new algorithm for stand table projection models. , 1999 .

[574]  G. Wan,et al.  ESTIMATING THE SELF-THINNING BOUNDARY LINE AS A DENSITY-DEPENDENT STOCHASTIC BIOMASS FRONTIER , 2000 .

[575]  Annika Kangas,et al.  Uncertainty in growth and yield projections due to annual variation of diameter growth , 1998 .

[576]  Jeffrey L. Arthur,et al.  Developing a production possibility set of wildlife species persistence and timber harvest value , 2002 .

[577]  C. J. Robertson,et al.  The Forest Area of the World and Its Potential Productivity , 1957 .

[578]  Hailemariam Temesgen,et al.  Analysis and comparison of nonlinear tree height prediction strategies for Douglas-fir forests , 2008 .

[579]  Q. V. Cao,et al.  Modeling the size-density relationship in direct-seeded slash pine stands , 2000 .

[580]  Mingliang Wang,et al.  An empirical comparison of two subject-specific approaches to dominant heights modeling: The dummy variable method and the mixed model method , 2008 .

[581]  Quang V. Cao.  Incorporating Whole-Stand and Individual-Tree Models in a Stand-Table Projection System , 2007 .

[582]  Mark H. Hansen,et al.  Investigation into calculating tree biomass and carbon in the FIADB using a biomass expansion factor approach , 2009 .

[583]  Duncan S. Wilson,et al.  Snag longevity under alternative silvicultural regimes in mixed-species forests of central Maine , 2007 .

[584]  Annabel Porté,et al.  Modelling mixed forest growth: a review of models for forest management , 2002 .

[585]  Benedicto Vargas-Larreta,et al.  A generalized height–diameter model with random coefficients for uneven-aged stands in El Salto, Durango (Mexico) , 2009 .

[586]  P. Comeau,et al.  Competitive interactions between aspen and white spruce vary with stand age in boreal mixedwoods , 2007 .

[587]  Nicholas L. Crookston,et al.  The forest vegetation simulator: A review of its structure, content, and applications , 2005 .

[588]  M. Fortin,et al.  A statistical estimator to propagate height prediction errors into a general volume model , 2010 .

[589]  Ran Nathan,et al.  FIELD VALIDATION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A MECHANISTIC MODEL FOR TREE SEED DISPERSAL BY WIND , 2001 .

[590]  James S. Clark,et al.  Tree growth prediction using size and exposed crown area , 2005 .

[591]  I. E. Woodrow,et al.  A Model Predicting Stomatal Conductance and its Contribution to the Control of Photosynthesis under Different Environmental Conditions , 1987 .

[592]  Valerie LeMay,et al.  MSLS: a linear least squares technique for fitting a simultaneous system of equations with a generalized error structure , 1990 .

[593]  P. Newton,et al.  Comparative evaluation of five height–diameter models developed for black spruce and jack pine stand-types in terms of goodness-of-fit, lack-of-fit and predictive ability , 2007 .

[594]  H. Bruner,et al.  A Markov Chain Approach to the Prediction of Diameter Distributions in Uneven-aged Forest Stands , 1973 .

[595]  Risto Sievänen,et al.  Comparison of a physiological model and a statistical model for prediction of growth and yield in boreal forests , 2003 .

[596]  Y. Lee,et al.  Predicting mortality for even-aged stands of lodgepole pine , 1971 .

[597]  Oscar García,et al.  Estimating top height with variable plot sizes , 1998 .

[598]  David D. Marshall,et al.  Why Quadratic Mean Diameter , 2000 .

[599]  Jerome K. Vanclay,et al.  Compatible Deterministic and Stochastic Predictionsby Probabilistic Modeling of Individual Trees , 1991 .

[600]  S. Knowe.  Effect of competition control treatments on height-age and height-diameter relationships in young Douglas-fir plantations☆ , 1994 .

[601]  C. Lambeth.  Juvenile-mature correlations in Pinaceae and implications for early selection. , 1980 .

[602]  David Pont,et al.  MODELLING BRANCH DEVELOPMENT FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT , 1999 .

[603]  R. McMurtrie,et al.  A process-based model of nitrogen cycling in forest plantations Part I. Structure, calibration and analysis of the decomposition model , 2005 .

[604]  C. Xie,et al.  Breeding Values of Parental Trees, Genetic Worth of Seed Orchard Seedlots, and Yields of Improved Stocks in British Columbia , 2003 .

[605]  Stuart R. Phinn,et al.  Use of 3-PG and 3-PGS to simulate forest growth dynamics of Australian tropical rainforests: I. Parameterisation and calibration for old-growth, regenerating and plantation forests , 2008 .

[606]  Oscar Garcia,et al.  A simple and effective forest stand mortality model , 2009, Math. Comput. For. Nat. Resour. Sci..

[607]  M. Strub,et al.  Height-age trends from an Arkansas seed source study , 1989 .

[608]  D. Pothier,et al.  Predicting basal area increment in a spatially explicit, individual tree model: a test of competition measures with black spruce , 2003 .

[609]  K. Andreassen,et al.  Basal area growth models for individual trees of Norway spruce, Scots pine, birch and other broadleaves in Norway , 2003 .

[610]  R. Monserud,et al.  Crown Recession Patterns in Three Conifer Species of the Northern Rocky Mountains , 2008, Forest Science.

[611]  Eric C. Turnblom,et al.  Modeling self-thinning of unthinned Lake States red pine stands using nonlinear simultaneous differential equations , 2000 .

[612]  Andrew M. Gordon,et al.  An analytical framework to assist decision makers in the use of forest ecosystem model predictions , 2011, Environ. Model. Softw..

[613]  Sebastian Hein,et al.  Cutpoint analysis for models with binary outcomes: a case study on branch mortality , 2010, European Journal of Forest Research.

[614]  Isabel Cañellas,et al.  Ingrowth model for pyrenean oak stands in north-western Spain using continuous forest inventory data , 2010, European Journal of Forest Research.

[615]  M. Usher,et al.  A Matrix Approach to the Management of Renewable Resources, with Special Reference to Selection Forests , 1966 .

[616]  Jari Hynynen,et al.  Predicting tree crown ratio for unthinned and thinned Scots pine stands , 1995 .

[617]  William R. Wykoff,et al.  Supplement to The User's Guide for The Stand Prognosis Model-version 5.0 , 1986 .

[618]  David R. Larsen,et al.  Diameter growth equations for fourteen tree species in Southwest Oregon , 1991 .

[619]  Dieter Merkl,et al.  Estimating tree mortality of Norway spruce stands with neural networks , 2001 .

[620]  H. Pretzsch,et al.  Size-symmetric versus size-asymmetric competition and growth partitioning among trees in forest stands along an ecological gradient in central Europe , 2010 .

[621]  Joseph Hilbe,et al.  Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models , 2009 .

[622]  F. Berninger,et al.  Calibrating jack pine allometric relationships with simultaneous regressions , 2008 .

[623]  D. Hann,et al.  Predicting height for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon , 1999 .

[624]  D. Hann,et al.  HEIGHT-DIAMETER EQUATIONS FOR SIX SPECIES IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST , 1999 .

[625]  G. Somers,et al.  A Tree Taper Model Based on Similar Triangles and Use of Crown Ratio as a Measure of Form in Taper Equations for Longleaf Pine , 2003 .

[626]  A. Groot,et al.  An individual-tree basal area growth model for black spruce in second-growth peatland stands , 1999 .

[627]  Jing M. Chen,et al.  Daily canopy photosynthesis model through temporal and spatial scaling for remote sensing applications , 1999 .

[628]  Aaron R. Weiskittel,et al.  Comparison of model forms for estimating stem taper and volume in the primary conifer species of the North American Acadian Region , 2010, Annals of Forest Science.

[629]  Mark J. Ducey,et al.  A stand density index for complex mixed species forests in the northeastern United States , 2010 .

[630]  B. Turner,et al.  Predicting stand basal area in thined stands using a dynamical model , 1999 .

[631]  J. McTague,et al.  Stand, species, and tree dynamics of an uneven-aged, mixed conifer forest type , 1995 .

[632]  U. Diéguez-Aranda,et al.  Compatible taper function for Scots pine plantations in northwestern Spain , 2006 .

[633]  Mary Kathryn Cowles,et al.  Unified Geostatistical Modeling for Data Fusion and Spatial Heteroskedasticity with R Package ramps , 2008 .

[634]  George E. P. Box,et al.  Empirical Model‐Building and Response Surfaces , 1988 .

[635]  D. F. Grigal.  A soil-based aspen productivity index for Minnesota , 2009 .

[636]  Chris J. Cieszewski,et al.  Three methods of deriving advanced dynamic site equations demonstrated on inland Douglas-fir site curves , 2001 .

[637]  B. Jarčuška.  Methodological overview to hemispherical photography , demonstrated on an example of the software GLA , 2008 .

[638]  Andrew W. Roddam,et al.  Measurement Error in Nonlinear Models: a Modern Perspective , 2008 .

[639]  Timo Pukkala,et al.  Using past growth to improve individual-tree diameter growth models for uneven-aged mixtures of Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus nigra Arn. in Catalonia, north-east Spain , 2004 .

[640]  Mahadev Sharma,et al.  Height–diameter equations for boreal tree species in Ontario using a mixed-effects modeling approach , 2007 .

[641]  A parsimonious dynamic stand model for interior spruce in British Columbia , 2022 .

[642]  Christopher R. Schwalm,et al.  A process-based model of forest ecosystems driven by meteorology , 2004 .

[643]  Lichun Jiang,et al.  Using Crown Ratio in Yellow-Poplar Compatible Taper and Volume Equations , 2007 .

[644]  P. H. Leslie.  On the use of matrices in certain population mathematics. , 1945, Biometrika.

[645]  A. Kozak,et al.  Effects of multicollinearity and autocorrelation on the variable-exponent taper functions , 1997 .

[646]  S. Titus,et al.  Maximum size–density relationship for constraining individual tree mortality functions , 2002 .

[647]  Q. V. Cao.  Prediction of annual diameter growth and survival for individual trees from periodic measurements , 2000 .

[648]  S. Spurr.  A Measure of Point Density , 1962 .

[649]  Klaus von Gadow,et al.  A generalized height–diameter model including random components for radiata pine plantations in northwestern Spain , 2006 .

[650]  A. Ek,et al.  A Simple Model for Estimating Total and Merchantable Tree Heights , 1984 .

[651]  Dale S. Solomon,et al.  A two-stage matrix model for predicting growth of forest stands in the Northeast , 1986 .

[652]  Tsuyoshi Honjo,et al.  A GIS-based simulation program to predict multi-species size-structure dynamics for natural forests in Hokkaido, northern Japan , 2008, Ecol. Informatics.

[653]  N. Picard,et al.  Modeling forest dynamics with a combined matrix/individual-based model , 2002 .

[654]  Josef Cihlar,et al.  New calculation methods of diurnal distribution of solar radiation and its interception by canopy over complex terrain , 2002 .

[655]  Barbara L. Marks,et al.  Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA , 1996, Plant and Soil.

[656]  Huiquan Bi.  The self-thinning surface , 2001 .

[657]  Chris J. Cieszewski,et al.  Self-referencing Taper Curves for Loblolly Pine , 2005 .

[658]  Peter L. Marshall,et al.  Modeling non-catastrophic individual-tree mortality for Pinus radiata plantations in northwestern Spain. , 2009 .

[659]  Jerome K. Vanclay,et al.  Forest site productivity: a review of the evolution of dendrometric concepts for even-aged stands , 2008 .

[660]  Alan A. Ager,et al.  UTOOLS: microcomputer software for spatial analysis and landscape visualization. , 1997 .

[661]  H. Mäkinen,et al.  Predicting branch characteristics of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from simple stand and tree measurements , 2003 .

[662]  G. Mohren,et al.  Modeling daily gas exchange of a Douglas-fir forest: comparison of three stomatal conductance models with and without a soil water stress function. , 2000, Tree physiology.

[663]  C. C. Grier,et al.  Above- and below-ground net production in 40-year-old Douglas-fir stands on low and high productivity sites , 1981 .

[664]  R. Monserud,et al.  A soil-site study for inland Douglas-fir , 1990 .

[665]  H. Sterba.  Estimating Potential Density from Thinning Experiments and Inventory Data , 1987 .

[666]  B. Pokharel,et al.  Representing site productivity in the basal area increment model for FVS-Ontario , 2009 .

[667]  A. Brunner,et al.  Light absorption and bole volume growth of individual Douglas-fir trees. , 2000, Tree physiology.

[668]  Remko A. Duursma,et al.  Physiological Ecology of Forest Production: Principles, Processes and Models , 2010 .

[669]  Steven W. Running,et al.  Testing a Mechanistic Model for Predicting Stand and Tree Growth , 1996 .

[670]  George Z. Gertner,et al.  Effects of measurement errors on an individual tree-based growth projection system , 1984 .

[671]  P. Snowdon.  Short-term predictions of growth of Pinus radiata with models incorporating indices of annual climatic variation , 2001 .

[672]  Quang V. Cao,et al.  Predicting Parameters of a Weibull Function for Modeling Diameter Distribution , 2004 .

[673]  F. G. Wilson.  Numerical Expression of Stocking in Terms of Height , 1946 .

[674]  M. B. Usher,et al.  A Matrix Model for Forest Management , 1969 .

[675]  M. Cannell.  Physiological basis of wood production: A review , 1989 .

[676]  M. McDill,et al.  Modeling sprout-origin oak regeneration in the central Appalachians , 2006 .

[677]  Regino Zamora,et al.  Linking stochasticity to determinism of woody plant recruitment in a mosaic landscape: A spatially explicit approach , 2011 .

[678]  Sean Joseph Canavan,et al.  The presence and characterization of measurement error in forestry , 2001 .

[679]  M. Kirschbaum,et al.  CenW, a forest growth model with linked carbon, energy, nutrient and water cycles , 1999 .

[680]  S. Running,et al.  Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group 12-1988 Rapid Estimation of Coniferous Forest Leaf Area Index Using a Portable Integrating Radiometer , 2018 .

[681]  R. Monserud,et al.  Response of branch growth and mortality to silvicultural treatments in coastal Douglas-fir plantations: implications for predicting tree growth. , 2007 .

[682]  U. Diéguez-Aranda,et al.  A growth model for Pinus radiata D. Don stands in north-western Spain , 2007, Annals of Forest Science.

[683]  Emil Cienciala,et al.  Application of BIOME-BGC model to managed forests: 1. Sensitivity analysis , 2006 .

[684]  Q. Ketterings,et al.  Reducing uncertainty in the use of allometric biomass equations for predicting above-ground tree biomass in mixed secondary forests , 2001 .

[685]  K. Yoda,et al.  Self-thinning in overcrowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions (Intraspecific competition among higher plants. XI) , 1963 .

[686]  B. Muys,et al.  Comparison and ranking of different modelling techniques for prediction of site index in Mediterranean mountain forests , 2010 .

[687]  C. Oliver,et al.  Forest stand dynamics: updated edition. , 1996 .

[688]  Thomas Curt,et al.  Predicting site index of Douglas-Fir plantations from ecological variables in the Massif Central area of France , 2001 .

[689]  Douglas H. Deutschman,et al.  The role of visualization in understanding a complex forest simulation model , 2000, SIGGRAPH 2000.

[690]  P. Smethurst,et al.  Soil water under forests (SWUF): a model of water flow and soil water content under a range of forest types , 2003 .

[691]  D. Pothier,et al.  Impact of dominant tree dynamics on site index curves , 2003 .

[692]  S. Knowe,et al.  Application of growth models for simulating genetic gain of loblolly pine , 1989 .

[693]  J. Krajícek,et al.  Crown competition-a measure of density. , 1961 .

[694]  David K. Walters,et al.  Incorporating crown ratio into prediction equations for Douglas-fir stem volume , 1987 .

[695]  P. West.  Use of diameter increment and basal area increment in tree growth studies. , 1980 .

[696]  Smith.  Factors and equations to estimate forest biomass in the North Central region. Forest Service research paper (Final) , 1985 .

[697]  B. Borders,et al.  Projecting stand tables: a comparison of the Weibull diameter distribution method, a percentile-based projection method, and a basal area growth projection method. , 1990 .

[698]  C. Woodall,et al.  Determining maximum stand density index in mixed species stands for strategic-scale stocking assessments , 2005 .

[699]  William H. Emmingham,et al.  Comparison of selected Douglas-fir seed sources for cambial and leader growth patterns in four western Oregon environments , 1977 .

[700]  Samantha J. Gill,et al.  Autoregressive moving average models of conifer crown profiles , 2002 .

[701]  J. W. Moser,et al.  A Growth Model for Mixed Species Stands , 1986 .

[702]  Annika Kangas,et al.  Localizing general models with classification and regression trees , 2008 .

[703]  C. Bigler,et al.  PREDICTING THE TIME OF TREE DEATH USING DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL DATA , 2004 .

[704]  Michael Battaglia,et al.  Process-based forest productivity models and their application in forest management , 1998 .

[705]  J. Vanclay.  MODELLING SELECTION HARVESTING IN TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS , 1989 .

[706]  Daniel J. Leduc.  A comparative analysis of the reduced major axis technique of fitting lines to bivariate data , 1987 .

[707]  Douglas A. Maguire,et al.  Modeling stem taper of three central Oregon species using nonlinear mixed effects models and autoregressive error structures , 2003 .

[708]  Margarida Tomé,et al.  Modelling spatial and temporal variability in a zero-inflated variable: The case of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cone production , 2011 .

[709]  Kathleen Sullivan,et al.  Riparian aquatic interaction simulator (RAIS): a model of riparian forest dynamics for the generation of large woody debris and shade , 2002 .

[710]  Hervé Cochard,et al.  An overview of models of stomatal conductance at the leaf level. , 2010, Plant, cell & environment.

[711]  T. Penttilä,et al.  Individual-tree basal area growth models for Scots pine, pubescent birch and Norway spruce on drained peatlands in Finland. , 1997 .

[712]  J. Kush,et al.  Basal Area Growth of Individual Trees: A Model Derived from a Regional Longleaf Pine Growth Study , 1994 .

[713]  Walter D. Potter,et al.  NED-2: A decision support system for integrated forest ecosystem management , 2005 .

[714]  J. Kershaw,et al.  Approaches for Modeling Vertical Distribution of Maximum Knot Size in Black Spruce: A Comparison of Fixed- and Mixed-Effects Nonlinear Models , 2009 .

[715]  R. Curtis.  Height-Diameter and Height-Diameter-Age Equations For Second-Growth Douglas-Fir , 1967 .

[716]  Richard H. Waring,et al.  A process model analysis of environmental limitations on the growth of Sitka spruce plantations in Great Britain , 2000 .

[717]  Peter E. Thornton,et al.  Parameterization and Sensitivity Analysis of the BIOME–BGC Terrestrial Ecosystem Model: Net Primary Production Controls , 2000 .

[718]  N. Coops,et al.  Estimation of potential forest productivity across the Oregon transect using satellite data and monthly weather records , 2001 .

[719]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  Distance-Dependent Competition Measures for Predicting Growth of Individual Trees , 1989 .

[720]  G. Rehfeldt,et al.  Using individual tree growth projection models to estimate stand-level gains attributable to genetically improved stock , 1994 .

[721]  Scott V. Ollinger,et al.  Estimating regional forest productivity and water yield using an ecosystem model linked to a GIS , 1998, Landscape Ecology.

[722]  Matthias Dobbertin,et al.  Crown defoliation improves tree mortality models , 2001 .

[723]  Juan A. Blanco,et al.  Complexity in modelling forest ecosystems: How much is enough?☆ , 2008 .

[724]  R. G. Buchman,et al.  A tree survival model with application to species of the Great Lakes region , 1983 .

[725]  Dehai Zhao,et al.  Individual-tree diameter growth and mortality models for bottomland mixed-species hardwood stands in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley , 2004 .

[726]  L. V. Pienaar,et al.  A stand table projection approach to yield prediction in unthinned even-aged stands , 1988 .

[727]  R. Leuning,et al.  A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I:: Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model , 1998 .

[728]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Modeling the impact of thinning on height development of dominant and codominant loblolly pine trees , 2006 .

[729]  J. L. Clutter,et al.  A Simultaneous Growth and Yield Model for Loblolly Pine , 1972 .

[730]  H. L. Allen,et al.  Short- and long-term effects of site preparation, fertilization and vegetation control on growth and stand development of planted loblolly pine , 2003 .

[731]  S. Keleş,et al.  Effect of aspect, tree age and tree diameter on bark thickness of Picea orientalis , 2007 .

[732]  Richard F. Daniels,et al.  A comparison of competition measures for predicting growth of loblolly pine trees , 1986 .

[733]  W. Rawls,et al.  Soil Water Characteristic Estimates by Texture and Organic Matter for Hydrologic Solutions , 2006 .

[734]  Bruce E. Borders,et al.  A compatible system of growth and yield equations for slash pine fitted with restricted three-stage least squares , 1986 .

[735]  C. Peng,et al.  Relationships between stand growth and structural diversity in spruce-dominated forests in New Brunswick, Canada. , 2009 .

[736]  G. Stamatellos,et al.  Simulating spatial distributions of forest trees by using data from fixed area plots , 2005 .

[737]  Guillermo Trincado,et al.  A multilevel individual tree basal area increment model for aspen in boreal mixedwood stands , 2009 .

[738]  J. L. Clutter,et al.  Prediction of growth after thinning in old-field slash pine plantations [Pinus elliottii, yield, mensuration] , 1980 .

[739]  M. G. Ryan,et al.  The relationship between tree height and leaf area: sapwood area ratio , 2002, Oecologia.

[740]  Pelz.  Estimating individual tree growth with tree polygons , 1978 .

[741]  Usda Fs,et al.  A generalized forest growth projection system applied to the Lake States region. , 1979 .

[742]  Jerome K. Vanclay,et al.  Growth models for tropical forests: a synthesis of models and methods , 1995 .

[743]  Andrew D. Moore.  On the maximum growth equation used in forest gap simulation models , 1989 .

[744]  A. Kozak,et al.  Does cross validation provide additional information in the evaluation of regression models , 2003 .

[745]  K. Beven,et al.  A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology , 1979 .

[746]  James A. Moore,et al.  The effect of nitrogen fertilization, rock type, and habitat type on individual tree mortality , 2001 .

[747]  Douglas P. Wiens,et al.  Comparison of nonlinear height–diameter functions for major Alberta tree species , 1992 .

[748]  Sébastien Meunier,et al.  Assessing and testing prediction uncertainty for single tree-based models: A case study applied to northern hardwood stands in southern Québec, Canada , 2009 .

[749]  J. Ottorini,et al.  Relationships between crown dimensions and stem development in Fraxinus excelsior. , 1996 .

[750]  D. Binkley,et al.  Ecology and Management of Forest Soils , 2000 .

[751]  K. von Gadow,et al.  Stem taper functions for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Galicia (Northwestern Spain) , 2005, European Journal of Forest Research.

[752]  A. Mäkelä.  Derivation of stem taper from the pipe theory in a carbon balance framework. , 2002, Tree physiology.

[753]  E. Philip Howrey,et al.  Criteria for Evaluation of Econometric Models , 1972 .

[754]  P. Muukkonen,et al.  Generalized allometric volume and biomass equations for some tree species in Europe , 2007, European Journal of Forest Research.

[755]  J. Monteith.  SOLAR RADIATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS , 1972 .

[756]  C. Peng,et al.  Developing and Validating Nonlinear Height-Diameter Models for Major Tree Species of Ontario's Boreal Forests , 2001 .

[757]  William H. Emmingham,et al.  Wildlife Response to Thinning Young Forests in the Pacific Northwest , 1997 .

[758]  J.C.G. Goelz,et al.  Development of a well-behaved site index equation: jack pine in north central Ontario , 1992 .

[759]  Á. N. Dhubháin,et al.  The productivity of Douglas fir in Ireland , 2002 .

[760]  J. Harper.  Population Biology of Plants , 1979 .

[761]  Oscar García,et al.  Scale and spatial structure effects on tree size distributions : implications for growth and yield modelling , 2006 .

[762]  James N. Long,et al.  Assessment of growing stock in uneven-aged stands , 1990 .

[763]  H. Pretzsch,et al.  Productivity and carbon dynamics in managed Central European forests depending on site conditions and thinning regimes , 2010 .

[764]  H. L. Allen,et al.  Modeling response to midrotation nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in loblolly pine plantations. , 2000 .

[765]  C. Bosch.  Redwoods: A Population Model , 1971, Science.

[766]  Margarida Tomé,et al.  A tree crown ratio prediction equation for eucalypt plantations , 2001 .

[767]  M. Schmidt,et al.  Evaluating Individual Tree Growth Models , 2006 .

[768]  H. Mooney,et al.  Estimation of tissue construction cost from heat of combustion and organic nitrogen content , 1987 .

[769]  H. L. Penman.  Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass , 1948, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[770]  Stan D. Wullschleger,et al.  Biochemical Limitations to Carbon Assimilation in C3 Plants—A Retrospective Analysis of the A/Ci Curves from 109 Species , 1993 .

[771]  H. Temesgen,et al.  Generalized height–diameter models—an application for major tree species in complex stands of interior British Columbia , 2004, European Journal of Forest Research.

[772]  Robert B. McKane,et al.  Belowground processes in forest-ecosystem biogeochemical simulation models , 2000 .

[773]  Guillermo A. Mendoza,et al.  A transition matrix forest growth model for evaluating alternative harvesting schemes in Indonesia , 1986 .

[774]  Assessing climate change effects on long-term forest development: adjusting growth, phenology, and seed production in a gap model , 2002 .

[775]  NLCW NLCW,et al.  A Local Basal Area Adjustment for Crown Width Prediction , 2001 .

[776]  Paul G. Jarvis,et al.  Description and validation of an array model - MAESTRO. , 1990 .

[777]  Pete Bettinger,et al.  Forest Management and Planning , 2008 .

[778]  Jiquan Chen,et al.  Challenges in Visualizing Forests and Landscapes , 2006 .

[779]  D. W. Hann,et al.  Even-aged management: basic managerial questions and available or potential techniques for answering them. , 1980 .

[780]  Coeli M. Hoover,et al.  The Kane Experimental Forest carbon inventory: Carbon reporting with FVS , 2008 .

[781]  Jerome K. Vanclay.  PLATIPUS PHYSIOLOGY: DESIGN OF A PLANTATION GROWTH AND CONVERSION SIMULATOR INCORPORATING SILVICULTURE AND WOOD QUALITY , 1988 .

[782]  M. S. Williams,et al.  Exploring the error structure of taper equations , 1997 .

[783]  M. G. Ryan,et al.  Hydraulic Limits to Tree Height and Tree Growth , 1997 .

[784]  Gregory S. Biging,et al.  Stochastic models for conifer tree crown profiles , 1997 .

[785]  J. Flewelling,et al.  Some Recent Japanese Theories of Yield-Density Relationships and their Application to Monterey Pine Plantations , 1977 .

[786]  George Z. Gertner,et al.  A framework for uncertainty assessment of mechanistic forest growth models: a neural network example , 1997 .

[787]  Harold E. Burkhart,et al.  Segmented Polynomial Regression Applied to Taper Equations , 1976 .

[788]  P. Gessler,et al.  Forest Service-- National AgroforestryCenter 1-1-2010 Landscape-scale parameterization of a tree-level forest growth model : a k-nearest neighbor imputation approach incorporating LiDAR data , 2013 .

[789]  James N. Long,et al.  Linkages between silviculture and ecology: an analysis of density management diagrams , 1996 .

[790]  Aged Forests.  PERFECTING A STAND-DENSITY INDEX FOR EVEN- , 2010 .

[791]  A. Mäkelä,et al.  A method for generating stand structures using Gibbs marked point process , 2002 .

[792]  Maurizio Mencuccini,et al.  Age‐related decline in stand productivity: the role of structural acclimation under hydraulic constraints , 2000 .

[793]  R. Curtis,et al.  Permanent-plot procedures for silvicultural and yield research. , 2005 .

[794]  Sean M. McMahon,et al.  Overcoming data sparseness and parametric constraints in modeling of tree mortality: a new nonparametric Bayesian model , 2009 .

[795]  C. R. Hatch,et al.  The effect of habitat type and rock type on individual tree basal area growth response to nitrogen fertilization , 2000 .

[796]  D. G. Chapman.  Statistical Problems in Dynamics of Exploited Fisheries Populations , 1961 .

[797]  K. J. Mitchell,et al.  Dynamics and Simulated Yieldof Douglas-fir , 1975 .

[798]  B. Pokharel,et al.  Evaluating alternative implementations of the Lake States FVS diameter increment model , 2008 .

[799]  Han Y. H. Chen,et al.  A review of forest succession models and their suitability for forest management planning. , 2009 .

[800]  Robert A. Monserud,et al.  Do individual-tree growth models correctly represent height:diameter ratios of Norway spruce and Scots pine? , 2010, Forest ecology and management.

[801]  Frédéric Baret,et al.  Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination Part I. Theories, sensors and hemispherical photography , 2004 .

[802]  A. Mäkelä,et al.  Optimal co-allocation of carbon and nitrogen in a forest stand at steady state. , 2008, The New phytologist.

[803]  G. Hornberger,et al.  A Statistical Exploration of the Relationships of Soil Moisture Characteristics to the Physical Properties of Soils , 1984 .

[804]  M. Ritchie,et al.  Individual-tree height-, diameter- and crown-width increment equations for young Douglas-fir plantations , 2008, New Forests.

[805]  D. Maguire,et al.  Crown profile models based on branch attributes in coastal Douglas-fir , 1997 .

[806]  D. Hann,et al.  Mortality equations for individual trees in the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon , 1990 .

[807]  Q. V. Cao,et al.  A comparison of compatible and annual growth models , 2003 .

[808]  J. N. Long,et al.  Utah State University From the SelectedWorks of James Long 2005 A density management diagram for even-aged ponderosa pine stands , 2017 .

[809]  B. Reineking,et al.  Models for forest ecosystem management: a European perspective. , 2007, Annals of botany.

[810]  D. W. MacFarlane,et al.  Selecting models for capturing tree-size effects on growth-resource relationships , 2006 .

[811]  Damian Barrett,et al.  Conversion of canopy intercepted radiation to photosynthate: review of modelling approaches for regional scales. , 2003, Functional plant biology : FPB.

[812]  G. Nigh.  Site index conversion equations for mixed trembling aspen and white spruce stands in northern British Columbia , 2002 .

[813]  Q. V. Cao,et al.  Predicting Inside Bark Diameter for Shortleaf, Loblolly, and Longleaf Pines , 1986 .

[814]  A method to attain uniform resolution of the competition variable Basal-Area-in-Larger Trees (BAL) during forest growth projections of small plots , 2004 .

[815]  M. Kaufmann,et al.  Determination of potential direct beam solar irradiance , 1982 .

[816]  J. H. Smith,et al.  DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF STAND MODELS FOR DOUGLAS FIR AND LODGEPOLE PINE , 1964 .

[817]  B. Bond,et al.  Developmental decline in height growth in Douglas-fir. , 2007, Tree physiology.

[818]  F. G. Wilson.  Thinning as an Orderly Discipline: A Graphic Spacing Schedule for Red Pine , 1979 .

[819]  K. Johnson,et al.  Technical Commentary: Stand-Level Wood-Production Costs of Leaving Live, Mature Trees at Regeneration Harvest in Coastal Douglas-fir Stands , 1992 .

[820]  Predicting Crown Size and Shape from Simple Stand Variables , 2009 .

[821]  M. Flood,et al.  LiDAR remote sensing of forest structure , 2003 .

[822]  William A. Bechtold,et al.  Largest-Crown- Width Prediction Models for 53 Species in the Western United States , 2004 .

[823]  J. H. Miller,et al.  Growth response analysis after early control of woody competition for 14 loblolly pine plantations in the southern U.S. , 2007 .

[824]  Richard F. Daniels,et al.  Simple Competition Indices and Their Correlation with Annual Loblolly Pine Tree Growth , 1976 .

[825]  David W. Hann,et al.  Equations for predicting the largest crown width of stand-grown trees in western Oregon , 1997 .

[826]  J. Landsberg,et al.  PHYSIOLOGY IN FOREST MODELS: HISTORY AND THE FUTURE , 2003 .

[827]  Robert A. Monserud,et al.  Applicability of the forest stand growth simulator PROGNAUS for the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif , 1997 .

[828]  Robert A. Monserud,et al.  Height Growth and Site Index Curves for Inland Douglas-fir Based on Stem Analysis Data and Forest Habitat Type , 1984 .

[829]  Kristin P. Bennett,et al.  Modeling noncatastrophic individual tree mortality using logistic regression, neural networks, and support vector methods , 2000 .

[830]  R. Waring,et al.  An index of photosynthesis for comparing forest sites in western Oregon , 1977 .

[831]  N. McDowell,et al.  Use of a physiological process model with forestry yield tables to set limits on annual carbon balances. , 2002, Tree physiology.

[832]  C. Ammer,et al.  Evaluation of the forest growth simulator SILVA on dominant trees in mature mixed Silver fir–Norway spruce stands in South-West Germany , 2009 .

[833]  W. H. Carmean,et al.  Site index curves for forest tree species in the eastern United States. , 1989 .

[834]  Hongcheng Zeng,et al.  A GIS-based decision support system for risk assessment of wind damage in forest management , 2007, Environ. Model. Softw..

[835]  L. Zhang,et al.  Effects of intermediate silvicultural treatments on the distribution of within-stand growth , 1994 .

[836]  A. R. Stage.  A tree-by-tree measure of site utilization for grand fir related to stand density index , 1968 .

[837]  Daniel W. Gilmore,et al.  Equations to describe crown allometry of Larix require local validation , 2001 .

[838]  James W. Flewelling,et al.  Multiplicative Regression with Lognormal Errors , 1981 .

[839]  T. Palosuo,et al.  Projecting effects of intensified biomass extraction with alternative modelling approaches , 2008 .

[840]  S. Titus,et al.  A generalized logistic model of individual tree mortality for aspen, white spruce, and lodgepole pine in Alberta mixedwood forests , 2001 .

[841]  Chris J. Cieszewski,et al.  Analysis of Different Base Models and Methods of Site Model Derivation for Scots Pine , 2006 .

[842]  H. Pretzsch,et al.  A Re-Evaluation of Reineke's Rule and Stand Density Index , 2005, Forest Science.

[843]  G. Ståhl,et al.  A Three-step Approach for Modelling Tree Mortality in Swedish Forests , 2001 .

[844]  Klaus von Gadow,et al.  A comparison of two stand table projection methods for young Eucalyptus nitens (Maiden) plantations in Chile , 2003 .

[845]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Compatible cubic volume and basal area projection equations for thinned old-field loblolly pine plantations , 1984 .

[846]  H. Akaike,et al.  Information Theory and an Extension of the Maximum Likelihood Principle , 1973 .

[847]  E. Mason,et al.  Towards a nationwide growth and yield model for radiata pine plantations in New Zealand , 2006 .

[848]  D. Alder.  A Distance-Independent Tree Model for Exotic Conifer Plantations in East Africa , 1979 .

[849]  J. Ottorini,et al.  Development of primary branches and crown profile of Fraxinus excelsior , 1994 .

[850]  Joseph Buongiorno,et al.  A multi-species, density-dependent matrix growth model to predict tree diversity and income in northern hardwood stands , 1996 .

[851]  David L.R. Affleck,et al.  Poisson mixture models for regression analysisof stand-level mortality , 2006 .

[852]  Pertti Hari,et al.  Stand growth model based on carbon uptake and allocation in individual trees , 1986 .

[853]  Georgios Xenakis,et al.  Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis from a coupled 3-PG and soil organic matter decomposition model , 2008 .

[854]  M. Williams,et al.  Net primary production of forests: a constant fraction of gross primary production? , 1998, Tree physiology.

[855]  Oscar Garc ´ õa.  Thinking about Time , 2004 .

[856]  A. Ek.  Nonlinear Models for Stand Table Projection in Northern Hardwood Stands , 1974 .

[857]  Albert R. Stage,et al.  How forest models are connected to reality: evaluation criteria for their use in decision support , 2003 .

[858]  Christophe Godin,et al.  Representing and encoding plant architecture: A review , 2000 .

[859]  Matthew Jones,et al.  Some Simple Guidelines for Effective Data Management , 2009 .

[860]  Richard A. Birdsey,et al.  Comprehensive database of diameter-based biomass regressions for North American tree species , 2004 .

[861]  Oscar García,et al.  A height-growth and site-index model for interior spruce in the Sub-Boreal Spruce biogeoclimatic zone of British Columbia , 2010 .

[862]  Mark J. Ducey,et al.  Nutrient Supply and Fertilization Efficiency in Midrotation Loblolly Pine Plantations: A Modeling Analysis , 2001 .

[863]  C. Møller.  Untersuchungen über Laubmenge, Stoffverlust und Stoffproduktion des Waldes , 1945 .

[864]  Claire A. Montgomery,et al.  Biodiversity and Timber in the Coast Range of Oregon: Inside the Production Possibility Frontier , 2003, Land Economics.

[865]  M. Tomé,et al.  Modelling the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) site index from site factors in Portugal , 2003 .

[866]  J. W. Moser,et al.  Deriving Growth and Yield Functions for Uneven-Aged Forest Stands , 1969 .

[867]  D. Paré,et al.  Productivity of black spruce and Jack pine stands in Quebec as related to climate, site biological features and soil properties , 2004 .

[868]  Aaron R. Weiskittel,et al.  A Bayesian approach for modelling non-linear longitudinal/hierarchical data with random effects in forestry , 2012 .

[869]  S. Eis,et al.  Root System Morphology of Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar, and Douglas-fir , 1974 .

[870]  H. Salminen,et al.  Evaluating estimation methods for logistic regression in modelling individual-tree mortality , 2003 .

[871]  A. R. Ek,et al.  A Comparison of Competition Measures and Growth Models for Predicting Plantation Red Pine Diameter and Height Growth , 1984 .

[872]  Claire A. Montgomery,et al.  Minimizing the Cost of Stand Level Management for Older Forest Structure in Western Oregon , 2004 .

[873]  V. Lemay,et al.  Modelling and prediction of dominant height and site index of Eucalyptus globulus plantations using a nonlinear mixed-effects model approach , 2007 .

[874]  G. Katul,et al.  Modelling the limits on the response of net carbon exchange to fertilization in a south-eastern pine forest , 2002 .

[875]  R. R. Hocking.  The analysis and selection of variables in linear regression , 1976 .

[876]  Peter J. Diggle,et al.  Competition for Light in a Plant Monoculture Modelled as a Spatial Stochastic Process , 1981 .

[877]  Don C. Bragg,et al.  A hierarchical approach for simulating northern forest dynamics , 2004 .

[878]  D. Greene,et al.  Estimating the Mean Annual Seed Production of Trees , 1994 .

[879]  Rafael Calama,et al.  Interregional nonlinear height-diameter model with random coefficients for stone pine in Spain , 2004 .

[880]  Albert R. Stage,et al.  Adapting Distance-Independent Forest Growth Models to Represent Spatial Variability: Effects of Sampling Design on Model Coefficients , 1998 .

[881]  M. Ter-Mikaelian,et al.  Biomass equations for sixty-five North American tree species , 1997 .

[882]  Michael Lavine,et al.  Statistical modeling of seedling mortality , 2002 .

[883]  J. Vanclay.  Site Productivity Assessment in Rainforests: An Objective Approach Using Indicator Species , 1989 .

[884]  D. Greene,et al.  Modelling the temporal variation in the seed production of North American trees , 2004 .

[885]  A. Kanaskie,et al.  Growth of young Douglas-fir plantations across a gradient in Swiss needle cast severity. , 2002 .

[886]  B. Borders,et al.  An iterative state-space growth and yield modeling approach for unthinned loblolly pine plantations , 2001 .

[887]  Peter L. Marshall,et al.  Evaluating the impact of competition using relative growth rate in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands , 1993 .

[888]  M. Wimberly,et al.  Distance-dependent and distance-independent models of Douglas-fir and western hemlock basal area growth following silvicultural treatment , 1996 .

[889]  A. Weiskittel,et al.  Estimating and predicting bark thickness for seven conifer species in the Acadian Region of North America using a mixed-effects modeling approach: comparison of model forms and subsampling strategies , 2011, European Journal of Forest Research.

[890]  An individual tree diameter increment model for white spruce in Alberta , 1995 .

[891]  Robert A. Monserud,et al.  Are Self-Thinning Constraints Needed in a Tree-Specific Mortality Model? , 2005 .

[892]  J. G. González,et al.  A height-diameter model for Pinus radiata D. Don in Galicia (Northwest Spain) , 2003 .

[893]  H. Sterba,et al.  Evaluation of a vegetation simulator for roe deer habitat predictions , 2007 .

[894]  Robert D. Pfister,et al.  Classifying Forest Habitat Types Based on Potential Climax Vegetation , 1980 .

[895]  David W. Hann,et al.  Enhanced diameter-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon , 2002 .

[896]  J. D. Arney.  A modeling strategy for the growth projection of managed stands , 1985 .

[897]  S. Pacala,et al.  Forest models defined by field measurements: I. The design of a northeastern forest simulator , 1993 .

[898]  Bernard R. Parresol,et al.  Additivity of nonlinear biomass equations , 2001 .

[899]  Peter E. Thornton,et al.  Generating surfaces of daily meteorological variables over large regions of complex terrain , 1997 .

[900]  D. Botkin.  Forest Dynamics: An Ecological Model , 1993 .

[901]  T. Burk,et al.  Improving growth and yield estimates with a process model derived growth index , 2004 .

[902]  R. Bailey,et al.  Compatible volume-taper models for loblolly and slash pine based on a system with segmented-stem form factors. , 2000 .

[903]  D. Bragg.  Potential relative increment (PRI): a new method to empirically derive optimal tree diameter growth , 2001 .

[904]  J. Shaw.  Application of stand density index to irregularly structured stands. , 2000 .

[905]  Michael G. Ryan,et al.  Growth and maintenance respiration in stems of Pinuscontorta and Piceaengelmannii , 1990 .

[906]  Hans Pretzsch,et al.  Effects of environmental changes on the vitality of forest stands , 2005, European Journal of Forest Research.

[907]  J. Grace,et al.  Adjustment of tree structure in response to the environment under hydraulic constraints , 2002 .

[908]  M. I C H A E,et al.  Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems , 2007 .

[909]  Gregory S. Biging,et al.  Using the non-parametric classifier CART to model forest tree mortality , 1998 .

[910]  Oscar García,et al.  Evaluating forest Growth Models , 1997 .

[911]  Robert B. Jackson,et al.  PLANT COMPETITION UNDERGROUND , 1997 .

[912]  A. R. Stage,et al.  Interactions of Elevation, Aspect, and Slope in Models of Forest Species Composition and Productivity , 2007, Forest Science.

[913]  T. Spies,et al.  A hierarchical spatial framework for forest landscape planning , 2005 .

[914]  D. Hann,et al.  Height-diameter equations for seventeen tree species in southwest Oregon , 1987 .

[915]  M. Kirschbaum.  CenW: a generic forest growth model. , 2000 .

[916]  J. Sessions,et al.  The Blodgett plan: an active-management approach to developing mature forest habitat. , 2000 .

[917]  A. Inoue.  Allometric model of the maximum size–density relationship between stem surface area and stand density , 2009, Journal of Forest Research.

[918]  George Z. Gertner,et al.  Approximating precision in simulation projections: an efficient alternative to Monte Carlo methods , 1987 .

[919]  T. Johansson.  Site index conversion equations for Picea abies and five broadleaved species in Sweden: Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens and Populus tremula , 2006 .

[920]  James S. Clark,et al.  Predicting tree mortality from diameter growth : a comparison of maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches , 2000 .

[921]  B. Cade,et al.  A gentle introduction to quantile regression for ecologists , 2003 .

[922]  A. Brunner.  A light model for spatially explicit forest stand models , 1996 .

[923]  Peter Sands,et al.  Understanding 3-PG using a sensitivity analysis , 2004 .

[924]  C. E. Thomas,et al.  A Simultaneous Density-Integral System for Estimating Stem Profile and Biomass: Slash Pine and Willow Oak , 1996 .

[925]  B. Zeide.  How to measure stand density , 2004, Trees.

[926]  L. C. Wensel,et al.  A Generalized Height-Diameter Equation for Coastal California Species , 1988 .

[927]  Dean S. DeBell,et al.  Comparison of diameter-distribution-prediction, stand-table-projection, and individual-tree-growth modeling approaches for young red alder plantations , 1997 .

[928]  T. Spies,et al.  Simulating forest structure, timber production, and socioeconomic effects in a multi-owner province. , 2007, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[929]  J. P. Kimmins,et al.  Biomass estimation errors associated with the use of published regression equations of paper birch and trembling aspen , 2002 .

[930]  Jouni Vettenranta,et al.  Distance-dependent Models for Predicting the Development of Mixed Coniferous Forests in Finland , 1999 .

[931]  M. Hanewinkel,et al.  Modelling the conversion from even-aged to uneven-aged stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) with a distance-dependent growth simulator , 2000 .

[932]  Jerome K. Vanclay,et al.  A growth model for north Queensland rainforests , 1989 .

[933]  D. Pothier,et al.  Adjustment of the age–height relationship for uneven-aged black spruce stands , 2008 .

[934]  S. Huang,et al.  An individual tree height increment model for mixed white spruce–aspen stands in Alberta, Canada , 1999 .

[935]  H. L. Allen,et al.  Young stand growth modeling for intensively-managed loblolly pine plantations in southeastern U.S , 2004 .

[936]  A. Mäkelä,et al.  Connecting a process-based forest growth model to stand-level economic optimization , 2004 .

[937]  Albert R. Stage,et al.  Prediction of height increment for models of forest growth , 1975 .

[938]  Hugh J. Barclay,et al.  Assessing bias from boles in calculating leaf area index in immature Douglas-fir with the LI-COR canopy analyzer. , 2000 .

[939]  J. M. Saveland,et al.  A signal detection framework to evaluate models of tree mortality following fire damage. , 1990 .

[940]  Christopher G. Uchrin,et al.  Indirect Methods for Estimating the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soils , 1994 .

[941]  Joseph Buongiorno,et al.  Growth and yield of all-aged Douglas-fir western hemlock forest stands: a matrix model with stand diversity effects , 2005 .

[942]  Lianhong Gu,et al.  Reliable estimation of biochemical parameters from C₃ leaf photosynthesis-intercellular carbon dioxide response curves. , 2010, Plant, cell & environment.

[943]  Harry T. Valentine,et al.  A Carbon-balance Model of Stand Growth: a Derivation Employing Pipe-model Theory and the Self-thinning Rule , 1988 .

[944]  A. Ek,et al.  Prediction of Understory Tree Height Growth in Northern Hardwood Stands , 1977 .

[945]  Juha Lappi,et al.  A multivariate, nonparametric stem-curve prediction method , 2006 .

[946]  Oscar García.  NEW CLASS OF GROWTH MODELS FOR EVEN-AGED STANDS: PINUS RADIATA IN GOLDEN DOWNS FOREST , 2011 .

[947]  S. Huang,et al.  An index of site productivity for uneven-aged or mixed-species stands , 1993 .

[948]  C. C. Grier,et al.  Effect of urea fertilization on allometric relations in young douglas-fir trees , 1984 .

[949]  Jingjing Liang,et al.  A geospatial model of forest dynamics with controlled trend surface , 2010 .

[950]  H. Hasenauer,et al.  Variation in potential volume yield of loblolly pine plantations , 1994 .

[951]  W. R. Wykoff,et al.  Calibrating a model of stochastic effects on diameter increment for individual-tree simulations of stand dynamics , 1993 .

[952]  T. Pukkala.  Predicting diameter growth in even-aged Scots pine stands with a spatial and non-spatial model. , 1989 .

[953]  Alan R. Ek,et al.  Bibliography of worldwide literature on individual tree based forest stand growth models , 1980 .

[954]  V. Clark Baldwin,et al.  Equations for estimating loblolly pine branch and foliage weight and surface area distributions , 1997 .

[955]  Jin Teng,et al.  Impact of DEM accuracy and resolution on topographic indices , 2010, Environ. Model. Softw..

[956]  Janet Silbernagel,et al.  Modeling canopy openness and understory gap patterns based on image analysis and mapped tree data , 2001 .

[957]  Changhui Peng,et al.  Development of TRIPLEX-Management model for simulating the response of forest growth to pre-commercial thinning , 2011 .

[958]  R. Monserud,et al.  Annualized diameter and height growth equations for Pacific Northwest plantation-grown Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder. , 2007 .

[959]  M. Adams,et al.  Internal conductance does not scale with photosynthetic capacity: implications for carbon isotope discrimination and the economics of water and nitrogen use in photosynthesis. , 2006, Plant, cell & environment.

[960]  Risto Sievänen,et al.  Volume growth and survival graphs: a method for evaluating process-based forest growth models. , 2000, Tree physiology.

[961]  Study on the method of constructing variable-density yield table , 1991, Journal of Northeast Forestry University.

[962]  M. Carrer,et al.  Towards a functional and simplified allometry for estimating forest biomass , 2006 .

[963]  J. Jensen.  Sur les fonctions convexes et les inégalités entre les valeurs moyennes , 1906 .

[964]  Richard N. Williams,et al.  Belowground ecological interactions in mixed-species forest plantations , 2006 .

[965]  R. Monserud,et al.  Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species , 1999 .

[966]  J. Ottorini,et al.  Growth and development of individual Douglas-fir in stands for applications to simulation in silviculture , 1991 .

[967]  Hans Peter Schmid,et al.  Photosynthetic and Water Use Efficiency Responses to Diffuse Radiation by an Aspen-Dominated Northern Hardwood Forest , 2004, Forest Science.

[968]  Nicholas L. Crookston,et al.  The roles of nearest neighbor methods in imputing missing data in forest inventory and monitoring databases , 2009 .

[969]  H. Hasenauer,et al.  Basal area development in thinned and unthinned loblolly pine plantations , 1997 .

[970]  E. Assmann,et al.  The Principles of Forest Yield Study: Studies in the Organic Production, Structure, Increment and Yield of Forest Stands , 2013 .

[971]  H. Burkhart,et al.  Cubic-foot volume of loblolly pine to any height limit. , 1980 .

[972]  H. Hasenauer,et al.  Methods for assessing regeneration establishment and height growth in uneven‐aged mixed species stands , 2002 .

[973]  R. Peet.  Forest vegetation of the Colorado Front Range , 1981, Vegetatio.

[974]  Keryn I. Paul,et al.  Modelling C and N dynamics in forest soils with a modified version of the CENTURY model , 2002 .

[975]  Timothy G. Gregoire,et al.  Linear modelling of irregularly spaced, unbalanced, longitudinal data from permanent-plot measurements , 1995 .

[976]  Risto Sievänen,et al.  Analysis of biomass accumulation and stem size distributions over long periods in managed stands of Pinus sylvestris in Finland using the 3-PG model. , 2005, Tree physiology.

[977]  T. Black,et al.  Factors affecting the canopy resistance of a Douglas-fir forest , 1976 .

[978]  Campbell Rg,et al.  Simulating growth and yield of mountain ash stands: a deterministic model. , 1979 .

[979]  Andrew P. Robinson,et al.  Leaf area index inferred from solar beam transmission in mixed conifer forests on complex terrain , 2003 .

[980]  J. Marshall,et al.  A regression-based equivalence test for model validation: shifting the burden of proof. , 2005, Tree physiology.

[981]  Miina Rautiainen,et al.  Simplified tree crown model using standard forest mensuration data for Scots pine , 2005 .

[982]  H. Sterba,et al.  A model describing natural regeneration recruitment of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Austria , 1997 .

[983]  R. Amateis.  Modeling response to thinning in loblolly pine plantations. , 2000 .

[984]  S. Acker,et al.  Asymptotic height-diameter equations for twenty-four tree species in western Oregon , 1995 .

[985]  D. Hann,et al.  Evaluation of nonspatial approaches and equation forms used to predict tree crown recession , 2004 .

[986]  J. Kershaw,et al.  Assessing model performance in forecasting long- term individual tree diameter versus basal area increment for the primary Acadian tree species , 2011 .

[987]  A. Robinson,et al.  Bias in the mean tree model as a consequence of Jensen’s inequality , 2003 .

[988]  S. Running,et al.  FOREST-BGC, A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. II. Dynamic carbon allocation and nitrogen budgets. , 1991, Tree physiology.

[989]  KaDonna C. Randolph.  Equations relating compacted and uncompacted live crown ratio for common tree species in the South , 2010 .

[990]  H. L. Allen,et al.  Modeling mid-rotation fertilizer responses using the age-shift approach , 2008 .

[991]  M. R. Reynolds.  Estimating the error in model predictions. , 1984 .

[992]  Ramakrishna R. Nemani,et al.  Extrapolation of synoptic meteorological data in mountainous terrain and its use for simulating forest evapotranspiration and photosynthesis , 1987 .

[993]  R. Monserud,et al.  The Maximum Density Concept Applied to Uneven-Aged Mixed-Species Stands , 1993 .

[994]  R. Leuning.  A critical appraisal of a combined stomatal‐photosynthesis model for C3 plants , 1995 .

[995]  A. Mäkelä,et al.  The ratio of NPP to GPP: evidence of change over the course of stand development. , 2001, Tree physiology.

[996]  David L. Loftis,et al.  Predicting Post-Harvest Performance of Advance Red Oak Reproduction in the Southern Appalachians , 1990 .

[997]  Ron Smith,et al.  Bayesian calibration of process-based forest models: bridging the gap between models and data. , 2005, Tree physiology.

[998]  Mahadev Sharma,et al.  Height–Diameter Models Using Stand Characteristics for Pinus banksiana and Picea mariana , 2004 .

[999]  Tron Eid,et al.  Models for individual tree mortality in Norway , 2001 .

[1000]  Harry T. Valentine,et al.  Bayesian synthesis for quantifying uncertainty in predictions from process models. , 2000, Tree physiology.

[1001]  Shongming Huang,et al.  Modeling individual tree mortality for white spruce in Alberta , 2003 .

[1002]  Huiquan Bi,et al.  Trigonometric Variable-Form Taper Equations for Australian Eucalypts , 2000, Forest Science.

[1003]  Richard F. Daniels,et al.  Simulation of Individual Tree Growth and Stand Development in Loblolly Pine Plantations on Cutover, Site-Prepared Areas , 1987 .

[1004]  F.W.T. Penning de Vries,et al.  A rapid method for determining the efficiency of biosynthesis of plant biomass , 1987 .

[1005]  J. R. Wallis,et al.  Rationale, Limitations, and Assumptions of a Northeastern Forest Growth Simulator , 1972, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[1006]  J. N. Long,et al.  A Practical Approach to Density Management , 1985 .

[1007]  M. Battaglia,et al.  A comparison of four process-based models and a statistical regression model to predict growth of Eucalyptus globulus plantations , 2009 .

[1008]  Quang V. Cao,et al.  Use of crown ratio to improve loblolly pine taper equations , 1986 .

[1009]  Hailemariam Temesgen,et al.  Sources of within- and between-stand variability in specific leaf area of three ecologically distinct conifer species , 2011, Annals of Forest Science.

[1010]  Kelsey S. Milner,et al.  FVSBGC: a hybrid of the physiological model STAND-BGC and the forest vegetation simulator , 2003 .

[1011]  M. Kirschbaum,et al.  Predicting wood production and net ecosystem carbon exchange of Pinus radiata plantations in south-western Australia : Application of a process-based model , 2008 .

[1012]  Hubert Hasenauer,et al.  Testing mechanistic modeling to assess impacts of biomass removal , 2005 .

[1013]  Steven W. Running,et al.  Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group 5-1994 Testing Forest-BGC Ecosystem Process Simulations Across a Climatic Gradient in Oregon , 2018 .

[1014]  J. Vanclay.  Modelling regeneration and recruitment in a tropical rain forest , 1992 .

[1015]  R. Curtis.  Yield Tables Past and Present , 1972 .

[1016]  Timothy A. Martin,et al.  Production dynamics of intensively managed loblolly pine stands in the southern United States: a synthesis of seven long-term experiments , 2004 .

[1017]  B. Richardson,et al.  The role of vegetation management for enhancing productivity of the world's forests , 2006 .

[1018]  R. G. Shula,et al.  Basal Area and Diameter Distribution Prediction Equations for Young Douglas-Fir Plantations with Hardwood Competition: Coast Ranges , 2005 .

[1019]  R. Waring,et al.  Notes: Conifer Foliage Mass Related to Sapwood Area , 1974 .

[1020]  Caiyun He,et al.  A review of stand basal area growth models , 2007 .

[1021]  Y. Bergeron,et al.  Stand dynamics modelling approaches for multicohort management of eastern Canadian boreal forests , 2004 .

[1022]  André Lacointe,et al.  Carbon allocation among tree organs: A review of basic processes and representation in functional-structural tree models , 2000 .

[1023]  Margarida Tomé,et al.  Distance-dependent competition measures for eucalyptus plantations in Portugal , 1999 .

[1024]  Nicholas C. Coops,et al.  Predicting site index with a physiologically based growth model across Oregon, USA , 2005 .

[1025]  R. Buckman.  Growth and Yield of Red Pine in Minnesota , 1962 .

[1026]  Shongming Huang,et al.  An age-independent individual tree height prediction model for boreal spruce-aspen stands in Alberta , 1994 .

[1027]  J. Lappi,et al.  A Longitudinal Analysis of Height/Diameter Curves , 1997, Forest Science.

[1028]  Annikki Mäkelä,et al.  Bridging process-based and empirical approaches to modeling tree growth. , 2005, Tree physiology.

[1029]  U. Diéguez-Aranda,et al.  Development of a basal area growth system for maritime pine in northwestern Spain using the generalized algebraic difference approach , 2006 .

[1030]  F. Bravo,et al.  Competition-induced mortality for Mediterranean Pinus pinaster Ait. and P. sylvestris L. , 2006 .

[1031]  G. Rehfeldt,et al.  Genetic gains in growth and simulated yield of Pinus monticola , 1991 .

[1032]  Gregory S. Biging,et al.  Modeling conifer tree crown radius and estimating canopy cover , 2000 .

[1033]  D. Greene,et al.  A review of the regeneration dynamics of North American boreal forest tree species , 1999 .

[1034]  M. Zasada,et al.  New dynamic site equation that fits best the Schwappach data for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Central Europe , 2007 .

[1035]  A. A. Zumrawi,et al.  Equations for predicting the height to crown base of six tree species in the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon , 1989 .

[1036]  K. Gadow,et al.  A two-step mortality model for even-aged stands of Pinus radiata D. Don in Galicia (Northwestern Spain) , 2004 .

[1037]  I. Bella,et al.  A New Competition Model for Individual Trees , 1971 .

[1038]  R. Curtis.  A Simple Index of Stand Density for Douglas-fir , 1982 .

[1039]  Auro C. Almeida,et al.  Parameterisation of 3-PG model for fast-growing Eucalyptus grandis plantations , 2004 .

[1040]  H. Gholz.  Applications of Physiological Ecology to Forest Management , 1997 .

[1041]  D. Coomes,et al.  IMPACTS OF ROOT COMPETITION IN FORESTS AND WOODLANDS: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTS , 2000 .

[1042]  P. Lemmon,et al.  Volume and Diameter Growth of Ponderosa Pine Trees as Influenced by Site Index, Density, Age, and Size , 1962 .