Bandwidth Distribution Solutions for Performance Enhancement in Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks

Long-reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PONs) aim to combine the capacity of metro and access networks by extending the reach and split ratio of the conventional PONs. LR-PONs appear as efficient solutions having feeder distances around 100km and high split ratios up to 1000-way. On the other hand, transmission of the signals in long distances up to 100km leads to increased propagation delay whereas high split ratio may lead to long cycle times resulting in large queue occupancies and long packet delays. Before LR-PON becomes widely adopted, the trade-off between the advantages and performance degradation problem which is resulting from long reach and high split ratio properties of LR-PONs needs to be solved. Recent studies have focused on enhancing the performance of dynamic bandwidth allocation in LR-PONs. This article presents a comprehensive survey on the dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes for LR-PONs. In the article, a comparative classification of the proposed schemes based on their quality-of-service awareness, base-types, feeder distances and tested performance metrics is provided. At the end of the article, a brief discussion on the open issues and research challenges for the solution of performance degradation in LR-PONs is presented.

[1]  Luca Valcarenghi,et al.  Sleep Mode for Energy Saving PONs: Advantages and Drawbacks , 2009, 2009 IEEE Globecom Workshops.

[2]  Ioannis P. Chochliouros,et al.  Optical Access Networks and Advanced Photonics: Technologies and Deployment Strategies , 2009 .

[3]  Sailing He,et al.  Efficient and fine scheduling algorithm for bandwidth allocation in ethernet passive optical networks , 2006, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[4]  John D. Angelopoulos,et al.  Efficient transport of packets with QoS in an FSAN-aligned GPON , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[5]  Jayant Baliga,et al.  Energy Consumption in Access Networks , 2008, OFC/NFOEC 2008 - 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[6]  Josep Segarra,et al.  GPON scheduling disciplines under multi-service bursty traffic and long-reach approach , 2010, 2010 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks.

[7]  J.E. Mitchell,et al.  A 10-Gb/s 1024-Way-Split 100-km Long-Reach Optical-Access Network , 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[8]  C.W. Chow,et al.  Long Reach Passive Optical Networks , 2007, LEOS 2007 - IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings.

[9]  Yoichi Maeda,et al.  Standardization trends and prospective views on the next generation of broadband optical access systems , 2010, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[10]  Leonid G. Kazovsky,et al.  A New Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Protocol with Quality of Service in Ethernet-based Passive Optical Networks , 2014, ArXiv.

[11]  Chunming Qiao,et al.  Integrated Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) Access Networks Supporting Inter-ONU Communications , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[12]  K. Hinton,et al.  Long-reach passive optical networks for rural and remote areas , 2010, Digest of the 9th International Conference on Optical Internet (COIN 2010).

[13]  Klaus Schmidt-Schykowski.  On the influence of high split, long reach, high data rate access technologies on the core network services , 2010, 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[14]  Mário M. Freire,et al.  Ethernet Passive Optical Networks , 2005 .

[15]  Burak Kantarci,et al.  On SLA constraints in dynamic bandwidth allocation for long-reach passive optical networks , 2010, 2010 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks.

[16]  C. Hung,et al.  Dynamic bandwidth assignment for multi-service access in long-reach GPON , 2007 .

[17]  J. Prat,et al.  OLT design approach for resilient extended PON with OBS dynamic bandwidth allocation sharing the OLT optical resources , 2008, 2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks.

[18]  P. Kourtessis,et al.  Full-Service MAC Protocol for Metro-Reach GPONs , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[19]  Martin Reisslein,et al.  When Are Online and Offline Excess Bandwidth Distribution Useful in EPONs? , 2008, AccessNets.

[20]  Suresh Singh,et al.  Greening of the internet , 2003, SIGCOMM '03.

[21]  P Chanclou,et al.  Scalable Extended Reach PON , 2008, OFC/NFOEC 2008 - 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[22]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  IPACT: A dynamic protocol for an Ethernet PON (EPON) , 2002, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[23]  Martin Maier,et al.  Fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks: Challenges and opportunities , 2011, IEEE Network.

[24]  M. Scheutzow,et al.  Just-in-Time Scheduling for Multichannel EPONs , 2008, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[25]  C.M. Assi,et al.  Jitter performance in ethernet passive optical networks , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[26]  Rubén M. Lorenzo,et al.  A bandwidth assignment polling algorithm to enhance the efficiency in QoS long-reach EPONs , 2011, Eur. Trans. Telecommun..

[27]  Burak Kantarci,et al.  Periodic GATE Optimization (PGO) in Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks , 2010, 2010 25th Biennial Symposium on Communications.

[28]  John E. Mitchell,et al.  Long-Reach Optical Access Technologies , 2007, IEEE Network.

[29]  Martin Reisslein,et al.  Shortest propagation delay (SPD) first scheduling for EPONs with heterogeneous propagation delays , 2010, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[30]  P. Demeester,et al.  A new architecture and MAC protocol for fully flexible hybrid WDM/TDM PON , 2009, 2009 35th European Conference on Optical Communication.

[31]  Marco Ruffini,et al.  Protection strategies for long-reach PON , 2010, 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[32]  Jaehyung Park,et al.  SLA-Aware Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for QoS in EPONs , 2010, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[33]  David Payne,et al.  Designing long reach optical access networks , 2006 .

[34]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  Long-reach optical access networks: A survey of research challenges, demonstrations, and bandwidth assignment mechanisms , 2010, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[35]  F. Laurent,et al.  Reach Extension Strategies for Passive Optical Networks [Invited] , 2009, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[36]  Ioannis Tomkos,et al.  Techno-economic comparison of current and next generation long reach optical access networks , 2010, 2010 9th Conference of Telecommunication, Media and Internet.

[37]  Burak Kantarci,et al.  Loss rate-based burst assembly to resolve contention in optical burst switching networks , 2008, IET Commun..

[38]  Rubén M. Lorenzo,et al.  Adaptive polling algorithm to provide subscriber and service differentiation in a Long-Reach EPON , 2010, Photonic Network Communications.

[39]  QiaoChunming,et al.  Optical burst switching (OBS) - a new paradigm for an optical Internet , 1999 .

[40]  Luca Valcarenghi,et al.  Energy Management Mechanism for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[41]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  Energy-Efficient Long-Reach Passive Optical Network: A Network Planning Approach Based on User Behaviors , 2010, IEEE Systems Journal.

[42]  Ahmet B. Keha,et al.  Bandwidth management for WDM EPONs , 2006 .

[43]  I. Tomkos,et al.  Efficient scheduling disciplines for next generation QoS-aware GPON networks , 2008, 2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks.

[44]  Rodney S. Tucker,et al.  Packet delay variance and bandwidth allocation algorithms for extended-reach GPON , 2009, 2009 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference.

[45]  Lluís Gutiérrez González,et al.  New trends on Optical Access Networks: DBAs for 10G EPON and Long-Reach PON , 2009 .

[46]  J. Prat,et al.  An All-Optical Access-Metro Interface for Hybrid WDM/TDM PON Based on OBS , 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[47]  Wang-Rong Chang,et al.  SPON: A slotted long-reach PON architecture for supporting internetworking capability , 2009, MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Military Communications Conference.

[48]  Ioannis Tomkos,et al.  Offset-Based Scheduling With Flexible Intervals for Evolving GPON Networks , 2009, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[49]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  Multi-Thread Polling: A Dynamic Bandwidth Distribution Scheme in Long-Reach PON , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[50]  Martin Reisslein,et al.  Online excess bandwidth distribution for Ethernet passive optical networks , 2009 .

[51]  Philippe Robert,et al.  Upstream traffic capacity of a WDM EPON under online GATE-driven scheduling , 2010, ArXiv.

[52]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  Ethernet PON (ePON): Design and Analysis of an Optical Access Network , 2001, Photonic Network Communications.

[53]  Hsiao-Hwa Chen,et al.  Integrated Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in Converged Passive Optical Networks and IEEE 802.16 Networks , 2010, IEEE Systems Journal.

[54]  Gee-Kung Chang,et al.  Key Technologies of WDM-PON for Future Converged Optical Broadband Access Networks [Invited] , 2009, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[55]  Jin Jiang,et al.  A New efficient dynamic MAC protocol for the delivery of multiple services over GPON , 2009, Photonic Network Communications.

[56]  Wang-Rong Chang,et al.  Supporting Private Networking with Wavelength Spatial-Reuse over WDM EPONs , 2008, IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[57]  Lei Shi,et al.  Behavior-aware user-assignment in hybrid PON planning , 2009, 2009 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication - incudes post deadline papers.

[58]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  Dynamic bandwidth allocation for long-reach PON: overcoming performance degradation , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[59]  Huan Song,et al.  Hardware-accelerated protection in Long-Reach PON , 2009, 2009 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication - incudes post deadline papers.

[60]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  Periodic GATE Optimization (PGO): A New Service Scheme for Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks , 2010, IEEE Systems Journal.

[61]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  Periodic GATE Optimization with QoS-awareness for Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks , 2010, The IEEE symposium on Computers and Communications.

[62]  M. Duser,et al.  Analysis of a dynamically wavelength-routed optical burst switched network architecture , 2002 .

[63]  Martin Reisslein,et al.  Ethernet passive optical network architectures and dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms , 2008, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[64]  Philippe Robert,et al.  GATE-Driven Dynamic Wavelength and Bandwidth Allocation for WDM EPONs , 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.

[65]  Stefan Dahlfort,et al.  Current and next-generation PONs : A technical overview of present and future PON technology , .

[66]  Hussein T. Mouftah,et al.  A survey of dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks , 2009, Opt. Switch. Netw..

[67]  Lei Shi,et al.  An SLA-based energy-efficient scheduling scheme for EPON with sleep-mode ONU , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[68]  Glen Kramer,et al.  Ethernet passive optical network (EPON): building a next-generation optical access network , 2002, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[69]  Martin Reisslein,et al.  STARGATE: the next evolutionary step toward unleashing the potential of WDM EPONs [Topics in Optical Communications] , 2007, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[70]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  A comparison of dynamic bandwidth allocation for EPON, GPON, and next-generation TDM PON , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[71]  Martin Reisslein,et al.  Ethernet PONs: a survey of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[72]  Ioannis Tomkos,et al.  Improving the efficiency of online upstream scheduling and wavelength assignment in hybrid WDM/TDMA EPON networks , 2010, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[73]  Zheng Lu,et al.  Protection of long-reach PON traffic through router database synchronization , 2007 .

[74]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  Long-Reach Optical Access , 2009 .

[75]  Martin Maier,et al.  Resource Management in Stargate-Based Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (SG-EPONs) , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[76]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  Performance Evaluation of Standard IPACT for Future Long Reach Passive Optical Networks ( LR-PON ) , 2010 .

[77]  Noemi Merayo,et al.  Interleaved polling algorithm with inserted cycles to support service level agreement in Long-Reach EPONs , 2009, 2009 11th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks.

[78]  Burak Kantarci,et al.  Bandwidth Distribution with Adaptive Threshold-based Optical Burst Assembly in Long-Reach EPON , 2011 .

[79]  Martin Maier,et al.  Online gaming and P2P file sharing in next-generation EPONs , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[80]  T Berisa,et al.  Absolute Delay Variation Guarantees in Passive Optical Networks , 2011, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[81]  L.G. Kazovsky,et al.  Design and performance analysis of scheduling algorithms for WDM-PON under SUCCESS-HPON architecture , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[82]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  Availability and cost constrained fast planning of Passive Optical Networks under various survivability policies , 2010, IEEE Local Computer Network Conference.

[83]  Hussein T. Mouftah,et al.  Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks , 2009 .