Abstract Zhoushan fishing ground is located in the eastern part of Hangzhou Bay of China close to the continental seashore of Zhejiang Province and Shanghai Municipality; and links up the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Yong river and Caoe River. The total length of continental coastline is 1500 km and the total sea area of the fishing ground is about 100,000 km2. It is a spawning and growing place for various fishes, shrimps and crabs; and the species of fish are as many as 360 with hairtail, larger yellow croaker, little yellow croaker and cuttlefish well-known throughout the country. The annual catch of fish is about 800 thousand ton, occupying one-third of the national total. However, of the late years, the product of the fishing ground goes straight downwards, and drops by 50% at present. Besides the problem of overfishing, another important factor is the pollution of occanic environment. Coastline is the most developed economic area in China, where the waste water discharged into the sea area of fishing ground comes up to two billion ton causing serious organic pollution and the heavy metals such Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr violating the standards in different degrees and directly affecting the structure and stability of occanic ecosystem, changing the migration route of fishes and the emigration of spawning ground, and the continuous increase of residual toxics in the aquatic products. These problems have brought to the attention of Chinese government; and measures are under way to improve the occanic environmental quality of the fishing ground. The present paper describes in detail the natural conditions and the pollution situation of the fishing ground, and also the contents of studies on the comprehensive programme of environmental protection, including prediction of the developing trend of seawater pollution, the characteristics of ocean current and the route of transference and conversion of petroleum, COD and heavy metals and the receiving capability of sea area for main pollutants; the impact assessment of environmental pollution on the aquatic resources and the countermeasures of oceanic environmental protection.