A study on tolerable waiting time: how long are Web users willing to wait?

Web users often face a long waiting time for downloading Web pages. Although various technologies and techniques have been implemented to alleviate the situation and to comfort the impatient users, little research has been done to assess what constitutes an acceptable and tolerable waiting time for Web users. This research reviews the literature on computer response time and users' waiting time for download of Web pages, and assesses Web users' tolerable waiting time in information retrieval. It addresses the following questions through an experimental study: What is the effect of feedback on users' tolerable waiting time? How long are users willing to wait for a Web page to be downloaded before abandoning it? The results from this study suggest that the presence of feedback prolongs Web users' tolerable waiting time and the tolerable waiting time for information retrieval is approximately 2 s.

[1]  E. E. Osuna The psychological cost of waiting , 1985 .

[2]  Gavriel Salvendy,et al.  What is wrong with the World-Wide Web?: a diagnosis of some problems and prescription of some remedies , 1996 .

[3]  S. Folkman [Personal control and stress and coping processes: a theoretical analysis]. , 1988, Kango kenkyu. The Japanese journal of nursing research.

[4]  Michael S. Borella,et al.  The effect of network delay and media on user perceptions of web resources , 2000, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[5]  G. Rose,et al.  The Effect of Download Time on Consumer Attitude Toward the e-Service Retailer , 2001 .

[6]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Top ten mistakes in web design , 1996 .

[7]  Sean Larrangton-White Midm Designing Web Usability: The practice of simplicity , 2001 .

[8]  Jennifer Preece,et al.  A psychological investigation of long retrieval times on the World Wide Web , 1998, Interact. Comput..

[9]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  User interface directions for the Web , 1999, CACM.

[10]  Robert B. Miller,et al.  Response time in man-computer conversational transactions , 1899, AFIPS Fall Joint Computing Conference.

[11]  Jacob Nielsen,et al.  Guidelines for multimedia on the Web , 1997, World Wide Web J..

[12]  Jan L. Guynes Impact of system response time on state anxiety , 1988, CACM.

[13]  Paula Selvidge,et al.  How Long is Too Long to Wait for a Website to Load , 1999 .

[14]  D. W. Curtis,et al.  Input and output transformations from magnitude estimation. , 1970, Journal of experimental psychology.

[15]  Michael K. Hui,et al.  What to Tell Consumers in Waits of Different Lengths: An Integrative Model of Service Evaluation , 1996 .

[16]  Thomas J. Cottle,et al.  Perceiving Time. A Psychological Investigation with Men and Women , 1976 .

[17]  ShneidermanBen Response time and display rate in human performance with computers , 1984 .

[18]  James E. Pitkow,et al.  Emerging trends in the WWW user population , 1996, CACM.

[19]  M. Hui,et al.  How Does Waiting Duration Information Influence Customers' Reactions to Waiting for Services?1 , 1996 .

[20]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  Culture and consumer responses to web download time: a four-continent study of mono and polychronism , 2003, IEEE Trans. Engineering Management.

[21]  Barbara S. Chaparro,et al.  Examining Tolerance for Online Delays , 2003 .

[22]  Shirley Taylor Waiting for Service: The Relationship between Delays and Evaluations of Service , 1994 .

[23]  Gregory M. Rose,et al.  A refined view of download time impacts on e‐consumer attitudes and patronage intentions toward e‐retailers , 2001 .

[24]  Peter C. Verhoef,et al.  Erim Report Series Research in Management Consumer Perception and Evaluation of Waiting Time: a Field Experiment Bibliographic Data and Classifications , 2022 .

[25]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Response time and display rate in human performance with computers , 1984, CSUR.

[26]  A. R. Gilliland,et al.  Studies in time perception. , 1946, Psychological bulletin.

[27]  Bruce D. Weinberg,et al.  Don't keep your Internet customers waiting too long at the (virtual) front door , 2000 .

[28]  B. Kahn,et al.  How Tolerable is Delay? Consumers’ Evaluations of Internet Web Sites after Waiting , 1998 .

[29]  John A. Hoxmeier,et al.  System Response Time and User Satisfaction: An Experimental Study of Browser-based Applications , 2000 .

[30]  J. Hornik Subjective vs. Objective Time Measures: A Note on the Perception of Time in Consumer Behavior , 1984 .