Linguistic complexity in second language development: variability and variation at advanced stages

De plus en plus de recherches montrent que le langage est un systeme dynamique et que le developpement langagier est un processus dynamique qui se caracterise par de la variabilite (changements intra-individuels) et de la variation (differences inter-individuelles). Le developpement de la complexite linguistique serait donc un processus individuel et il conviendrait de ne pas tenir pour acquis qu’une generalisation, au-dela de l’individu, est possible. Cependant, si nous voulons explorer des schemas communs chez les apprenants, il serait plus pertinent de retracer l’evolution du developpement dans des etudes de cas. Cet article explore les mesures de la complexite qui semblent caracteriser le mieux le developpement a des niveaux avances en L2. L’etude 1 est une etude de cas unique qui questionne ces mesures de la complexite afin de determiner lesquelles peuvent capturer le mieux un developpement general pour ce cas precis. La longueur moyenne des mots et le ratio de verbes personnels ont montre une forte correlation avec a la fois le developpement dans le temps et l’evaluation des productions ecrites. L’etude 2 reprend ces deux mesures avec en plus celle des propositions subordonnees dans les productions de deux autres apprenants. Une analyse basee sur les modeles de Markov caches a egalement montre que les apprenants etaient a des stades tres differents et cela confirme l’hypothese dynamique des trajectoires particulieres individuelles.

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