Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions.

[1]  W. Kumler.  The Dissociation Constants of Some Enols Related to l-Ascorbic Acid. Tetronic Acid, α-Chlorotetronic Acid, α-Bromotetronic Acid, α-Iodotetronic Acid, α-Hydroxytetronic Acid and Ethyl α-Iodoacetoacetate , 1938 .

[2]  W. F. Bruce,et al.  Pyridine Derivatives. II. Some 6-Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyridones and their Derivatives1,2 , 1947 .

[3]  J. Meisenheimer,et al.  Directe Einführung von Aminogruppen in den Kern aromatischer Nitrokörper , 1906 .

[4]  T. Matsukawa,et al.  Syntheses of Pyrimidine Compounds. III: Syntheses of Sulfaminopyrimidines. (3)@@@Sulfamino-pyrimidine誘導體の合成に就て その3 , 1949 .

[5]  N. Leonard,et al.  Preparation of 4-mercapto and 4-amino quinazolines. , 1946, Journal of Organic Chemistry.

[6]  J. Kenner.  CCLIV.—The influence of nitro-groups on the reactivity of substituents in the benzene nucleus , 1914 .

[7]  A. Noyes,et al.  THE VELOCITY OF THE REACTION BETWEEN FERROUS CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM CHLORATE AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID. , 1897 .

[8]  L. Raiford,et al.  THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS IN THE FORMATION AND REACTIONS OF CERTAIN ETHERS1 , 1926 .

[9]  A. Tomisek,et al.  Quinazolines. III. Syntheses of 4-Alkylaminoquinazolines1 , 1946 .

[10]  R. G. Kadesch.  Some New Aspects of the Ortho Effect. Cyclic Ketones Related to Acetophenone , 1944 .

[11]  F. Kehrmann,et al.  Ueber die Einwirkung von Schwefelnatrium auf 1.4-Nitrochlorbenzol , 1896 .

[12]  I. Goldberg,et al.  Über Triphenylamin und Triphenylamin‐carbonsäure , 1907 .

[13]  H. H. Hodgson,et al.  LXIII.—The reactions of sodium mono-, di-, and tri-sulphides with 1-chloro-2-nitro-, 1-chloro-4-nitro-, and 1 : 4-dichloro-2-nitro-benzene , 1925 .

[14]  N. F. Hall,et al.  THE STRENGTH OF ORGANIC BASES IN GLACIAL ACETIC ACID SOLUTION1 , 1930 .

[15]  H. Gilman,et al.  Reactions of Some Organometallic Compounds with 2-Substituted Quinolines1a , 1951 .

[16]  F. Blau,et al.  Studien über Pyridinabkömmlinge , 1885 .

[17]  A. Morton.  The Chemical Behavior of the Organoalkali Compounds. , 1944 .

[18]  G. Morgan,et al.  LXXXV.—ortho-Chlorodinitrotoluenes. Part I , 1920 .

[19]  A. G. Renfrew.  Studies in the quinoline series; quinolyl mercaptans and sulfides. , 1946, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[20]  Murray Jelling,et al.  Iodometric Determination of Peroxygen in Organic Compounds , 1941 .

[21]  H. C. Longuet-Higgins,et al.  208. The electronic structure of some aza-derivatives of naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene , 1949 .

[22]  H. Gilman,et al.  Organometallic Derivatives of Carbazole and Quinoline. Amides of 3-Quinoline-carboxylic Acid , 1941 .

[23]  W. Dieckmann,et al.  Über das Verhalten der Blausäure gegen Phenylisocyanat. (II. Mitteilung) , 1907 .

[24]  P. Fischer.  Ueber die Einwirkung des Ammoniaks und Anilins auf einige negativ substituirte Halogenbenzolsulfosäuren , 1891 .

[25]  F. Bergstrom,et al.  The Alkylation and Arylation of Aliphatic Nitriles in Liquid Ammonia , 1945 .

[26]  R. Jones.  Studies on imidazole compounds; a synthesis of imidazoles with functional groups in the 2-position. , 1949, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[27]  G. D. Montmollin.  De l'action du nitrobenzène sur les dérivés sodique et potassique du carbazol , 1923 .

[28]  E. A. Moelwyn-Hughes,et al.  The kinetics of the decomposition of benzene diazonium chloride in water , 1940 .

[29]  A. Kaufmann,et al.  Über Cyan‐cyclaminane. III , 1911 .

[30]  H. H. Hodgson.  The Sandmeyer reaction. , 1947, Chemical reviews.

[31]  C. K. Banks,et al.  Arylaminoheterocycles. III. Arsenicals of Anilinotriazines , 1944 .

[32]  J. T. Maynard,et al.  Synthesis of 5-Substituted Derivatives of 6-Methoxy-8-aminoquinoline and of 5-Chloro-6-methoxyquinoline1 , 1946 .

[33]  Ernst Koenigs,et al.  Über 3‐Nitro‐pyridyl‐pyridiniumchlorid , 1933 .

[34]  William Robert Hardy Hurtley.  CCXLIV.—Replacement of halogen in orthobromo-benzoic acid , 1929 .

[35]  C. S. Hamilton,et al.  Syntheses in the Quinoline Series. IV. 2,4-Disubstituted Quinoline Derivatives , 1942 .

[36]  H. Gottlieb.  The Replacement of Chlorine by Fluorine in Organic Compounds , 1936 .

[37]  E. Vongerichten.  Notiz über das Pyridin‐α‐dinitro‐phenylchlorid , 1899 .

[38]  J. Kenner,et al.  XCV.—The influence of nitro-groups on the reactivity of substituents in the benzene nucleus. Part II. The dinitrotoluenes , 1920 .

[39]  P. E. Fanta.  The Ullmann Synthesis of Biaryls , 1946, Chemical reviews.

[40]  D. G. Leis,et al.  Electric Moments of Some γ-Substituted Pyridines1 , 1945 .

[41]  F. Bergstrom,et al.  The Action of Bases on Organic Halogen Compounds. III. The Reaction of Potassium Amide with the Naphthyl Halides , 1945 .

[42]  M. Sprung,et al.  The Piria Reaction. III.1 Mechanism Studies2 , 1936 .

[43]  M. Carmack,et al.  The synthesis of 4-(4'-amino-l'-methylbutylamino)-7-chloroquinoline and some 4-(4'-monoalkylamino-l'-methylbutylamino)-7-chloroquinolines. , 1946, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[44]  W. Borsche,et al.  Über Mononitro‐halogenbenzole mit beweglichem Halogen , 1916 .

[45]  A. Wohl.  Ueberführung von Nitrobenzol in o‐Nitrophenol durch Kalihydrat , 1899 .

[46]  P. H. Dirstine,et al.  Some potassium amide-activated phenylations in liquid ammonia. , 1946, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[47]  H. Leymann.  Ueber einige Derivate des a-Dinitrochlorbenzols , 1882 .

[48]  C. C. Bard,et al.  Electrolysis of Solutions of m-Dinitrobenzene in Liquid Ammonia , 1949 .

[49]  R. Shreve,et al.  Hydrolysis and Isomerization of Chlorotoluenes to m-Cresol , 1946 .

[50]  E. Wedekind.  Stereochemische Beobachtungen über das Verhalten von Pikrylchlorid gegen aromatische Amine , 1900 .

[51]  A. Hantzsch,et al.  Ueber intramolekulare Umlagerungen von Diazoniumrhodaniden , 1896 .

[52]  J. Bernstein,et al.  Derivatives of 2,6-diaminopyridine. , 1947, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[53]  John D. Roberts,et al.  The Electrical Effect of the Trifluoromethyl Group , 1950 .

[54]  G. Hitchings,et al.  A Synthesis of 4-Amino-2-thiopyrimidines , 1949 .

[55]  R. H. Reitsema.  The chemistry of 4-hydroxyquinolines. , 1948, Chemical reviews.

[56]  G. Barger,et al.  Chemistry of Thyroxine: Constitution and Synthesis of Thyroxine. , 1927, The Biochemical journal.

[57]  F. Ullmann,et al.  Ueber die Phenylirung von Phenolen , 1905 .

[58]  F. Sanger,et al.  The free amino groups of insulin. , 1945, The Biochemical journal.

[59]  R. Fittig,et al.  Beiträge zur Entscheidung der Stellungsfrage in der aromatischen Gruppe , 1874 .

[60]  E. Hoggarth.  692. The preparation and reactivity of some 2-methanesulphonyl-benzazoles , 1949 .

[61]  C. Price,et al.  p-Nitrophenyl Disulfide, p-Nitrophenyl Sulfide and p-Nitrothiophenol1 , 1946 .

[62]  F. Ullmann,et al.  Studien über 2.4-Dinitro-α-naphthol , 1908 .

[63]  A. Wohl,et al.  Ueber die Einwirkung von Nitrobenzol auf Anilin bei Gegenwart von Alkali , 1901 .

[64]  W. M. Latimer,et al.  The Entropies of Large Ions. The Heat Capacity, Entropy and Heat of Solution of Potassium Chloroplatinate, Tetramethylammonium Iodide and Uranyl Nitrate Hexahydrate , 1940 .

[65]  L. J. Sargent,et al.  Attempts to find new antimalarials; studies in the acridine series; dialkylaminoalkylamines derived from 9-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine. , 1946, Journal of Organic Chemistry.

[66]  A. Hantzsch,et al.  Zur Umlagerung von Bromdiazoniumchloriden in Chlordiazoniumbromide , 1900 .

[67]  F. Bergstrom,et al.  THE ACTION OF BASES ON ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS. I. THE REACTION OF ARYL HALIDES WITH POTASSIUM AMIDE , 1936 .

[68]  F. Bergstrom,et al.  THE ACTION OF BASES ON ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS. II. BASIC CATALYSIS IN THE DEHALOGENATION OF THE PHENYL HALIDES , 1936 .

[69]  E. D. Hughes,et al.  Mechanism and kinetics of substitution at a saturated carbon atom , 1941 .

[70]  M. O. Forster,et al.  CLXXXIX.—Aromatic azoimides. Part III. The naphthylazoimides and their nitro-derivatives , 1907 .

[71]  H. Meyer.  Reaktionen in energiereichen Lösungsmitteln , 1915 .

[72]  Iram Goldberg.  Ueber Phenylirungen bei Gegenwart von Kupfer als Katalysator , 1906 .

[73]  H. Gilman,et al.  Rearrangement in the Reaction of a-Halogenonaphthalenes with Lithium Diethylamide , 1945 .

[74]  R. Boyer,et al.  PREPARATION OF PICRYL CHLORIDE , 1946 .

[75]  Y. Ogata,et al.  Nucleophilic Substitution in Aromatic Ethers. II. Kinetics of the Methanolysis of 2,4-Dinitrodiphenyl Ethers , 1949 .

[76]  D. Lieb,et al.  Acetylenic Alcohols from α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones1 , 1944 .

[77]  F. Ullmann,et al.  Über die Herstellung von o-nitrierten Aminen aus den entsprechenden Phenolderivaten , 1908 .

[78]  Kathryn Ibbotson,et al.  CXLVI.—The influence of nitro-groups on the reactivity of substituents in the benzene nucleus. Part VII. Reactions of 2 : 5- and 4 : 5-dinitro-m-xylenes , 1923 .

[79]  F. Sachs.  Eine neue Darstellungsweise für aromatische Amine , 1906 .

[80]  A. Hantzsch.  Umlagerung bromirter Diazoniumchloride in chlorirte Diazoniumbromide , 1897 .

[81]  R. Q. Brewster,et al.  The Formation of Aromatic Ethers from p-Nitrofluorobenzene , 1933 .

[82]  F. Bergstrom,et al.  THE ACTION OF BASES ON ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS. V. THE ACTION OF POTASSIUM AMIDE ON SOME AROMATIC HALIDES (1) , 1946 .

[83]  M. Wolfrom,et al.  The uronic acid component of heparin. , 1946, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[84]  J. Kenner,et al.  CXIII.—The influence of nitro-groups on the reactivity of substituents in the benzene nucleus. Part III. The partial reduction of the dinitrotoluenes by stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid , 1921 .

[85]  R. J. Rowlett,et al.  Antimalarials; hydrolysis and methanolysis of 2,4,7-trichloroquinoline. , 1946, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[86]  E. Berliner,et al.  Nucleophilic Displacement in the Naphthalene Series , 1950 .

[87]  W. Doering,et al.  The Stereochemistry of Catalytic Hydrogenation. I. The Stereochemistry of the Hydrogenation of Aromatic Rings , 1942 .

[88]  A. Tomisek,et al.  Quinazolines; properties of 4-substituted quinazolines. , 1945, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[89]  A. Bantlin.  Ueber Metanitrophenol und seine Derivate , 1878 .

[90]  F. Ullmann.  Ueber eine neue Bildungsweise von Diphenylaminderivaten , 1903 .

[91]  F. Bergstrom.  Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds. Part IIA. Hexacyclic Compounds: Pyridine, Quinoline, and Isoquinoline. , 1944 .

[92]  D. F. Twiss.  CLVI.—The action of nitro-substituted aryl haloids on alkali thiosulphates and selenosulphates , 1914 .

[93]  D. DeTar,et al.  The Mechanism of the Cyclization Reaction in the Decomposition of Diazonium Salts1 , 1950 .

[94]  G. Lewis,et al.  The Acidity of Aromatic Nitro Compounds toward Amines. The Effect of Double Chelation , 1940 .

[95]  J. C. Cain.  Zur Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit der Diazoniumsalze , 1905 .

[96]  H. Brown,et al.  Acid-Base Studies in Gaseous Systems. II. The Anomalous Base Strength of the Methylamines; A New Manifestation of Steric Strain1,2 , 1944 .

[97]  J. R. Stevens,et al.  Substituted sulfaquinoxalines; the isolation and synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2-sulfanilamidoquinoxaline and of related quinoxalines. , 1946, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[98]  J. Gilmore,et al.  96. The structure of aromatic compounds. Part II , 1940 .

[99]  H. Gilman,et al.  Rearrangement with 4-Iododibenzothiophene in Amination by Sodamide , 1945 .

[100]  H. Gilman,et al.  Dibenzofuran. XXIII. Rearrangement of Halogen Compounds in Amination by Sodamide1 , 1945 .

[101]  E. Noelting,et al.  Ueber die Bildung von Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure (Azoimid) aus aromatischen Azoimiden , 1892 .

[102]  R. O. Bolt,et al.  The Preparation of Certain Ethers of Trifluoromethyl-substituted Phenols1,2 , 1947 .

[103]  G. Morgan,et al.  XXI.—ortho-Chlorodinitrotoluenes. Part II , 1921 .

[104]  J. W. Baker.  Mechanism and kinetics of aromatic side-chain substitution. Interpretation of reaction data by the method of relative energy levels , 1941 .

[105]  M. L. Crossley,et al.  Chemical Constitution and Reactivity. I. Phenyldiazonium Chloride and its Mono Substituted Derivatives , 1940 .

[106]  O. Fischer,et al.  Zur Kenntniss der Nitrosamine II , 1886 .

[107]  Benno Hirsch.  Ueber halogenisirte Diazoniumrhodanide und deren Umlagerung in rhodanirte Diazoniumsalze , 1898 .

[108]  A. Quick.  THE PREPARATION OF p-PHENYLENEDIAMINE AND ANILINE FROM THEIR CORRESPONDING CHLOROBENZENES.1 , 1920 .

[109]  C. A. L. D. Bruyn.  Ueber die Substitution der Nitrogrupe durch Chlor und Brom , 1891 .

[110]  M. Freund.  725. Verfahren zur Darstellung solcher Verbindungen, welche sich von den Pseudobasen durch Ersatz der Hydroxylgruppe gegen Kohlenwasserstoffreste herleiten , 1904 .

[111]  L. Mcmaster,et al.  SOME PROPERTIES AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF ORTHO-DICHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE1,2 , 1928 .

[112]  H. Brown.  Studies in Stereochemistry. VII. The Effect of F-Strain on the Relative Base Strengths of Ammonia and the Ethylamines , 1945 .

[113]  R. C. Fuson,et al.  REPLACEMENT OF NUCLEAR ALKOXYL GROUPS BY THE ACTION OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS , 1948 .

[114]  B. Klein,et al.  The Action of Organolithium Compounds on 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine. II1 , 1950 .

[115]  A. Hantzsch,et al.  Ueber Derivate von Nitrosuren und die Reactionen der Nitrokrper , 1899 .

[116]  N. Leonard.  The chemistry of cinnolines. , 1945, Chemical reviews.

[117]  F. Bergstrom.  THE DIRECT INTRODUCTION OF THE AMINO GROUP INTO THE AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC NUCLEUS. III. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE ACTION OF THE ALKALI AMIDES ON QUINOLINE AND ISOQUINOLINE , 1937 .

[118]  M. A. Lauffer.  The Size and Shape of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles1 , 1944 .

[119]  V. Richter.  Untersuchungen über die Constitution der Benzolderivate , 1871 .

[120]  J. Bunnett,et al.  Nucleophilic Substitution in the Benzene Ring. I. Rates of Reactions of p-Substituted Bromobenzenes with Piperidine , 1948 .

[121]  F. Challenger,et al.  CLXXIV.—The orienting influence of the thiocyanogroup in aromatic compounds , 1924 .

[122]  F. Bordwell,et al.  Thianaphthene Chemistry. III. The Reaction of 2,3-Dibromo-2,3-dihydro- and 2-Bromo-thianaphthene-1-dioxides with Secondary Amines , 1949 .

[123]  H. Gilman,et al.  The Reactions of Thiols with Some Alkyl and Aryl Heterocyclic Ethers , 1949 .

[124]  I. Goldberg.  Über Phenylierung von primären aromatischen Aminen , 1907 .

[125]  O. Neville.  C14 tracer studies in the rearrangements of unsymmetrical alpha-diketones; phenylglyoxal to mandelic acid. , 1948, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[126]  E. Meyer,et al.  Ueber das α‐Chinolylhydrazin und seine Derivate , 1900 .

[127]  D. T. Mowry.  The preparation of nitriles. , 1948, Chemical reviews.

[128]  R. C. Fuson,et al.  REPLACEMENT OF METHOXYL GROUPS IN p-METHOXYARYL KETONES BY THE ACTION OF THE GRIGNARD REAGENT , 1948 .

[129]  J. Dippy.  Errata - The Dissociation Constants of Monocarboxylic Acids; their Measurement and their Significance in Theoretical Organic Chemistry , 1939 .

[130]  R. G. Christiansen,et al.  THE REACTION OF IODONIUM SALTS WITH THIOL COMPOUNDS , 1947 .

[131]  H. Gilman,et al.  The Reaction of Aryllithium Compounds with 2-Arylquinolines , 1947 .

[132]  H. Ungnade.  The chemistry of the diaryl ethers. , 1946, Chemical Reviews.

[133]  C. Willgerodt.  Ueber die Einwirkung alkoholischer Kaliumhydroxydlösungen auf Paranitrochlorbenzol , 1882 .

[134]  F. Bergstrom,et al.  THE DIRECT INTRODUCTION OF THE AMINO AND SUBSTITUTED AMINO GROUPS INTO THE AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC NUCLEUS. VI. THE ACTION OF ALKALI DIPHENYLAMIDES ON SOME AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS , 1942 .

[135]  V. Richter.  Ueber die Einwirkung des Cyankalium's auf Bromnitrobenzel , 1871 .

[136]  F. Bergstrom,et al.  THE PREPARATION OF 2-ALKYL AND 2-ARYL PYRIDINES AND QUINOLINES BY THE GRIGNARD REACTION1 (PRELIMINARY) , 1930 .

[137]  D. A. Shirley,et al.  Some Substituted 2-Arylquinolines , 1950 .

[138]  H. Richtzenhain,et al.  Substitutionsreaktionen mit metallorganischen Verbindungen, IV. Mitteil.: Die Grignardierung methoxylhaltiger aromatischer Nitrile , 1949 .

[139]  W. Doering,et al.  Mechanism of the Decarboxylation of α-Pyridylacetic Acid1 , 1950 .

[140]  Julius Schmidt.,et al.  676. Ueber das 9.10–Dichlor–, das 9,10–Dibrom–Phenanthren und eine neue Bildungsweise des o–Dichlorbenzols , 1904 .

[141]  H. Bradlow,et al.  STUDIES ON THE ACID HYDROLYSIS OF α-HALOGENATED PYRIDINE COMPOUNDS1 , 1949 .

[142]  W. R. Vaughan.  The chemistry of the phthalazines. , 1948, Chemical reviews.

[143]  Walter T. Smith.  Removal of Chlorine from Aromatic Nitrochloro Compounds. Preparation of 1,3-Dinitronaphthalene , 1949 .