Smart streetlights in Smart City: a case study of Sheffield

Smart streetlights can be used to enhance public safety and well-being. However, not only it is one of the most draining structures in terms of electricity, but it is also economically straining to local government. Typically, many councils adopt a static or conventional approach to street lighting, this presents many inefficiencies as it does not take into account environmental factors such as light levels and traffic flows. This paper will present the utilities of a streetlights in Sheffield and how different councils tackle the issue by using different lighting schemes. Investigation of current implementations of information and communication technologies (ICT) such as Internet of Things (IoT) in streetlights will be necessary to understand different proposed models that are used in ‘smart’ street lighting infrastructure. Case studies from Doncaster and Edinburgh are explored as they are using similar technology and having a similar sized topology as Sheffield. To analyze different models, StreetlightSim, an open-source streetlight simulator, is used to present different lighting schemes. There will be four time-based schemes: Conventional, Dynadimmer, Chronosense and Part-Night which have varying capabilities that will be simulated to present a plethora of solutions for Sheffield’s street lighting problem. The results from the simulations showed mixed readings, the time-based schemes showed reliable data from StreetlightSim’s own evaluations, however its adaptive approach will need to be further analyzed to demonstrate its full capability.

[1]  Arbab Waheed Ahmad,et al.  Energy-Efficient Intelligent Street Lighting System Using Traffic-Adaptive Control , 2016, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[2]  Daniel Díaz Sánchez,et al.  Major requirements for building Smart Homes in Smart Cities based on Internet of Things technologies , 2017, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[3]  F. Leccese,et al.  Remote-Control System of High Efficiency and Intelligent Street Lighting Using a ZigBee Network of Devices and Sensors , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[4]  Antonio Iera,et al.  The Internet of Things: A survey , 2010, Comput. Networks.

[5]  Xiao-Zhi Gao,et al.  Artificial Neural Network based Smart and Energy Efficient Street Lighting System: A Case Study for Residential area in Hosur , 2019, Sustainable Cities and Society.

[6]  Sunayana S. Badgelwar,et al.  Survey on energy efficient smart street light system , 2017 .

[7]  Yu Yang,et al.  Study and application on the architecture and key technologies for IOT , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology.

[8]  Miao Wu,et al.  Research on the architecture of Internet of Things , 2010, 2010 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering(ICACTE).

[9]  Lukasz Kulas,et al.  WSN for intelligent street lighting system , 2010, 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Technology, (2010 ICIT).

[10]  Aurelio Tommasetti,et al.  A Review of Smart Cities Based on the Internet of Things Concept , 2017 .

[11]  Eleonora Borgia,et al.  The Internet of Things vision: Key features, applications and open issues , 2014, Comput. Commun..

[12]  Abdelhak Boulaalam,et al.  Internet of things: new classification model of intelligence , 2018, J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput..

[13]  Neil M. White,et al.  StreetlightSim: A simulation environment to evaluate networked and adaptive street lighting , 2014, 2014 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile.

[14]  Fahim Kawsar,et al.  The Internet of Things: The Next Technological Revolution , 2013, Computer.

[15]  Norbert A. Streitz.  Beyond ‘smart-only’ cities: redefining the ‘smart-everything’ paradigm , 2018, J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput..

[16]  Xinyu Yang,et al.  A Survey on Internet of Things: Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Security and Privacy, and Applications , 2017, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[17]  Önder Güler,et al.  The effect of luminance uniformity on visibility level in road lighting , 2003 .

[18]  Mattias Höjer,et al.  Smart sustainable cities - Exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities , 2014, Environ. Model. Softw..

[19]  Neil M. White,et al.  A traffic-aware street lighting scheme for Smart Cities using autonomous networked sensors , 2015, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[20]  Luis Muñoz,et al.  Integration of Utilities Infrastructures in a Future Internet Enabled Smart City Framework , 2013, Sensors.

[21]  Andrea Emilio Rizzoli,et al.  Modeling and evaluating the sustainability of smart solutions , 2014, Environ. Model. Softw..

[22]  Fabio Leccese,et al.  A Smart City Application: A Fully Controlled Street Lighting Isle Based on Raspberry-Pi Card, a ZigBee Sensor Network and WiMAX , 2014, Sensors.

[23]  R. German,et al.  Simulating the influence of IVC on road traffic using bidirectionally coupled simulators , 2008, IEEE INFOCOM Workshops 2008.

[24]  Soledad Escolar,et al.  Estimating Energy Savings in Smart Street Lighting by Using an Adaptive Control System , 2014, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[25]  Andreas Riener,et al.  An energy efficient pedestrian aware Smart Street Lighting system , 2011, Int. J. Pervasive Comput. Commun..

[26]  L. K. Staplin.  Nighttime Hazard Detection on Freeways under Alternative Reduced Lighting Conditions , 1985 .

[27]  Arkady B. Zaslavsky,et al.  Context Aware Computing for The Internet of Things: A Survey , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[28]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  Internet of Things for Smart Cities , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[29]  Yang Wei,et al.  Study of acquisition streetlights background signal by multi-sensor array , 2010, ICCAS 2010.

[30]  Francisco Javier Quiles-Latorre,et al.  Streetlight Control System Based on Wireless Communication over DALI Protocol , 2016, Sensors.

[31]  Eric Dumont,et al.  Target visibility level and detection distance on a driving simulator , 2013 .

[32]  Soo Young Shin,et al.  Design of Smart LED Streetlight System for Smart City With Web-Based Management System , 2017, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[33]  Francisco Falcone,et al.  An Easy to Deploy Street Light Control System Based on Wireless Communication and LED Technology , 2013, Sensors.

[34]  Murat Kuzlu,et al.  A LoRa-based Smart Streetlighting System for Smart Cities , 2019, 2019 7th International Istanbul Smart Grids and Cities Congress and Fair (ICSG).

[35]  Fabio Leccese,et al.  Adaptive Street Lighting Predictive Control , 2017 .

[36]  Mahmoud I. Masoud,et al.  Street lighting using solar powered LED light technology: Sultan Qaboos University Case Study , 2015, 2015 IEEE 8th GCC Conference & Exhibition.

[37]  P. Raynham.  An examination of the fundamentals of road lighting for pedestrians and drivers , 2004 .

[38]  Nripendra P. Rana,et al.  Challenges for adopting and implementing IoT in smart cities , 2019, Internet Res..

[39]  Kevin Ashton,et al.  That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing , 1999 .

[40]  Anaïs Mayeur,et al.  Effects of the viewing context on target detection. Implications for road lighting design. , 2010, Applied ergonomics.

[41]  Peter Raynham,et al.  What do pedestrians look at at night? , 2012 .

[42]  A Antal Haans,et al.  Light distribution in dynamic street lighting: Two experimental studies on its effects on perceived safety, prospect, concealment, and escape , 2012 .

[43]  Gang Liu,et al.  Sustainable feasibility of solar photovoltaic powered street lighting systems , 2014 .

[44]  Byung-Seo Kim,et al.  Internet of Things (IoT) Operating Systems Support, Networking Technologies, Applications, and Challenges: A Comparative Review , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[45]  Marimuthu Palaniswami,et al.  Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions , 2012, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[46]  Ishtiaq Ahmad,et al.  Smart and Energy Efficient LED Street Light Control System Using ZigBee Network , 2014, 2014 12th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology.