A review of focused ion beam milling techniques for TEM specimen preparation

Abstract The use of focused ion beam (FIB) milling for the preparation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens is described. The operation of the FIB instrument is discussed and the conventional and lift-out techniques for TEM specimen preparation and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are detailed. The FIB instrument may be used for rapid site-specific preparation of both cross-section and plan view TEM specimens.

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