Moisture Dependency of Radar Backscatter from Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Fields at 400 MHz AND 13.3 GHz

Scattered 2.25 cm radar signals from an agricultural area have been found to increase 5-7 dB at angles within 45° of vertical as the radar flies from dry to irrigated parts of the same field. Indications at 75 cm are that similar effects occur, but the results are less clear because of instrumental geometry. This result was the fortuitous consequence of an overflight by the NASA/MSC earth resources aircraft at a time when a group of fields was in the process of receiving irrigation water, so that the same field contained both dry and wet soil areas. Implications for use of radar as a sensor of agricultural areas are that determining soil moisture requires incidence under 45° and avoiding soil moisture effects requires incidence beyond 45°, at least for the low vegetation in the sample fields.