Quality of Service (QoS) of Automation

Quality of service (QoS) of automation involves issues of cost, affordability, energy, maintenance, and dependability. This chapter focuses on cost, affordability, and energy. (The next chapter addresses the other aspects.) Cost-effective or cost-oriented automation is part of a strategy called low-cost automation. It considers the life cycle of an automation system with respect to their owners: design, production, operating, and maintenance, refitting or recycling. Affordable automation is another part of the strategy. It considers automation or automatic control in small enterprises to enhance their competitiveness in manufacturing and service. Despite relative expensive components the automation system can be cheap with respect to operation and maintenance. As examples are discussed: numerical controls of machine tools; shop floor control with distributed information processing; programmable logic controllers (PLCs) shifting to general-purpose (PC); smart devices, i.e. information processing integrated in sensors and actuators; and distributed manufacturing, and maintenance.

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