Silver Nanoparticle Targets Fabricated Using Chemical Vapor Deposition Method for Differentiation of Bacteria Based on Lipidomic Profiles in Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The global threat of numerous infectious diseases creates a great need to develop new diagnostic methods to facilitate the appropriate prescription of antimicrobial therapy. More recently, the possibility of using bacterial lipidome analysis via laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) as useful diagnostic tool for microbial identification and rapid drug susceptibility has received particular attention because lipids are present in large quantities and can be easily extracted similar to ribosomal proteins. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different LDI techniques—matrix-assisted (MALDI) and surface-assisted (SALDI) approaches—in the classification of the closely related Escherichia coli strains under cefotaxime addition. Bacterial lipids profiles obtained by using the MALDI technique with different matrices as well as silver nanoparticle (AgNP) targets fabricated using the chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) of different AgNP sizes were analyzed by the means of different multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA), and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The analysis showed that the MALDI classification of strains was hampered by interference from matrix-derived ions. In contrast, the lipid profiles generated by the SALDI technique had lower background noise and more signals associated with the sample, allowing E. coli to be successfully classified into cefotaxime-resistant and cefotaxime-sensitive strains, regardless of the size of the AgNPs. AgNP substrates obtained using the CVD method were used for the first time for distinguishing closely related bacterial strains based on their lipidomic profiles and demonstrate high potential as a future diagnostic tool for the detection of antibiotic susceptibility.

[1]  A. Bhattacharjee,et al.  Expanding Molecular Coverage in Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Microbial Systems Using Metal-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization , 2021, Microbiology spectrum.

[2]  E. De Pauw,et al.  Imaging lipids in biological samples with surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: A concise review of the last decade. , 2021, Progress in lipid research.

[3]  J. Xia,et al.  MetaboAnalyst 5.0: narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights , 2021, Nucleic Acids Res..

[4]  Keerthi Appala,et al.  Recent applications of mass spectrometry in bacterial lipidomics , 2020, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.

[5]  W. J. Perry,et al.  Uncovering Matrix Effects on Lipid Analyses in MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Experiments. , 2019, Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.

[6]  Z. Cai,et al.  Fe3O4-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for typical metabolite analysis and localization: Influencing factors, mechanisms, and environmental applications. , 2019, Journal of hazardous materials.

[7]  R. Cooks,et al.  Multiple Reaction Monitoring Profiling (MRM-Profiling) of Lipids to Distinguish Strain-Level Differences in Microbial Resistance in Escherichia coli. , 2019, Analytical chemistry.

[8]  D. Goodlett,et al.  Model-based Spectral Library Approach for Bacterial Identification via Membrane Glycolipids. , 2019, Analytical chemistry.

[9]  M. Kostrzewa,et al.  How MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry can aid the diagnosis of hard-to-identify pathogenic bacteria – the rare and the unknown , 2019, Expert review of molecular diagnostics.

[10]  S. Salipante,et al.  Occurrence of cross-resistance and beta-lactam seesaw effect in glycopeptide, lipopeptide, and lipoglycopeptide-resistant MRSA correlates with membrane phosphatidylglycerol levels , 2019, bioRxiv.

[11]  William E. Fondrie,et al.  Rapid Microbial Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Detection by Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Membrane Lipids. , 2018, Analytical chemistry.

[12]  Zhihua Zhou,et al.  Size-selected silver nanoparticles for MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of amyloid-beta peptides. , 2018, Nanoscale.

[13]  M. Szkodo,et al.  Studies on Silver Ions Releasing Processes and Mechanical Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants , 2018, International journal of molecular sciences.

[14]  Young Jin Lee,et al.  Sputter-Coated Metal Screening for Small Molecule Analysis and High-Spatial Resolution Imaging in Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry , 2018, Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[15]  Justyna Szulc,et al.  Metabolic profiling of moulds with laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry on gold nanoparticle enhanced target. , 2018, Analytical biochemistry.

[16]  Hui Yang,et al.  Silver nanoparticles as matrix for MALDI FTICR MS profiling and imaging of diverse lipids in brain. , 2018, Talanta.

[17]  P. Piszczek,et al.  Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using Chemical Vapor Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition Techniques: Properties, Applications and Perspectives: Review , 2017, Noble and Precious Metals - Properties, Nanoscale Effects and Applications.

[18]  S. Salipante,et al.  Characterization of the Mechanisms of Daptomycin Resistance among Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogens by Multidimensional Lipidomics , 2017, mSphere.

[19]  F. Alcaide,et al.  How to: identify non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. , 2017, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[20]  William E. Fondrie,et al.  Identification of the ESKAPE pathogens by mass spectrometric analysis of microbial membrane glycolipids , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[21]  K. Voorhees,et al.  Identification of bacteria by fatty acid profiling with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. , 2015, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[22]  T. Ruman,et al.  Silver nanostructures in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging. , 2015, The Analyst.

[23]  K. Voorhees,et al.  Strain-level bacterial identification by CeO2-catalyzed MALDI-TOF MS fatty acid analysis and comparison to commercial protein-based methods , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[24]  J. A. Schultz,et al.  Imaging of lipids in rat heart by MALDI-MS with silver nanoparticles , 2014, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.

[25]  N. Kaushik,et al.  One Pot Synthesis of Crystalline Silver Nanoparticles , 2014 .

[26]  D. Volmer,et al.  Nanostructured solid substrates for efficient laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) of low molecular weight compounds. , 2013, The Analyst.

[27]  Julien Breault-Turcot,et al.  Silver-assisted laser desorption ionization for high spatial resolution imaging mass spectrometry of olefins from thin tissue sections. , 2013, Analytical chemistry.

[28]  T. Ruman,et al.  Matrix-free laser desorption–ionization with silver nanoparticle-enhanced steel targets , 2013 .

[29]  X. Zhang,et al.  A rapid and simple separation and direct detection of glutathione by gold nanoparticles and graphene-based MALDI-TOF-MS. , 2013, Journal of separation science.

[30]  Gilbert GREUB,et al.  Applications of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in clinical diagnostic microbiology. , 2012, FEMS microbiology reviews.

[31]  J. Schiller,et al.  An update of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in lipid research. , 2010, Progress in lipid research.

[32]  G. Meer,et al.  Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave , 2008, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[33]  J. Sunner,et al.  Graphite surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins from liquid solutions. , 1995, Analytical chemistry.

[34]  F. Fernandez-Lima,et al.  Changes in lipid distribution in E. coli strains in response to norfloxacin. , 2015, Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.

[35]  Manabu T. Nakamura,et al.  Regulation of energy metabolism by long-chain fatty acids. , 2014, Progress in lipid research.

[36]  Sascha Sauer,et al.  Mass spectrometry tools for the classification and identification of bacteria , 2010, Nature Reviews Microbiology.