Simple reaction time to chromatic changes along L&M‐constant and S‐constant cone axes

The present study uses simple reaction time (RT) to examine the temporal response to chromatic changes of the red-green (L-2M) and yellow-blue (S-(L 1M)) chromatic opponent channels. The hue-substitution method was adopted to negate the luminance channel and generate changes in the chromatic input. The equiluminant stimuli were distributed along three tritanopic and three red-green confusion lines. RTs were measured at equiluminance from three reference stimuli with chromatic changes occurring in either the tritan or red-green directions. These reference stimuli also allowed evaluation of the influence of chromatic adaptation level on RT. The results showed that the mean value of RT, for the cone-input variation either of the L-2M channel (S-constant cone axis) or of the S-(L 1M) channel (L&M-constant cone axis), was described by a similar law as for luminance variations (Pieron's law). Then, the sen- sitivity of the two channels for chromatic changes was equalized to study their relative response speed. In addition, for both axes, an increase in the chromatic adaptation level lengthens response delay.© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res

[1]  R. M. Boynton,et al.  Analysis of color-matching ellipses in a cone-excitation space. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[2]  S. Schwartz.  Dependence of visual latency on wavelength: predictions of a neural counting model. , 1995, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[3]  H G Vaughan,et al.  The functional relation of visual evoked response and reaction time to stimulus intensity. , 1966, Vision research.

[4]  Byron Sheppard.  High-performance software analysis on the IBM PC , 1987 .

[5]  Takehiro Ueno,et al.  Reaction time as a measure of temporal summation at suprathreshold levels , 1977, Vision Research.

[6]  J. Krauskopf,et al.  Color discrimination and adaptation , 1992, Vision Research.

[7]  Paul R. Martin,et al.  Evidence that Blue‐on Cells are Part of the Third Geniculocortical Pathway in Primates , 1997, The European journal of neuroscience.

[8]  P. King-Smith,et al.  Luminance and opponent-color contributions to visual detection and adaptation and to temporal and spatial integration. , 1976, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[9]  A. Mariani.  Bipolar cells in monkey retina selective for the cones likely to be blue-sensitive , 1984, Nature.

[10]  Barry B. Lee,et al.  The 'blue-on' opponent pathway in primate retina originates from a distinct bistratified ganglion cell type , 1994, Nature.

[11]  J. D. Pollack,et al.  Reaction time to different wavelengths at various luminances , 1968 .

[12]  W. Swanson,et al.  Response pooling between chromatic and luminance systems , 1989, Vision Research.

[13]  David H. Brainard,et al.  Calibration of a computer controlled color monitor , 1989 .

[14]  Vivianne C. Smith,et al.  Reaction times to chromatic stimuli , 1985, Vision Research.

[15]  Joel Pokorny,et al.  Wavelength effects on simple reaction time , 1977 .

[16]  Joel Pokorny,et al.  The design and use of a cone chromaticity space: A tutorial , 1996 .

[17]  W. McIlhagga,et al.  Detection mechanisms in L-, M-, and S-cone contrast space. , 1993, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[18]  J. Pokorny,et al.  Chromatic information processing. , 1979, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[19]  G. Buchsbaum,et al.  Temporal differences between color pathways within the retina as a possible origin of subjective colors , 1991, Vision Research.

[20]  J R Jiménez,et al.  Optimizing the constant-channel chromaticity and color gamut of CRT color displays by control of brightness and contrast levels. , 1996, Applied optics.

[21]  A. Goodchild,et al.  Segregation of receptive field properties in the lateral geniculate nucleus of a New-World monkey, the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[22]  J. Pokorny,et al.  Spectral sensitivity of the foveal cone photopigments between 400 and 500 nm , 1975, Vision Research.

[23]  Visual reaction time measurements with background provided by colour monitors , 1991 .

[24]  Takehiro Ueno,et al.  Sustained and transient properties of chromatic and luminance systems , 1992, Vision Research.

[25]  H. Piéron,et al.  II. Recherches sur les lois de variation des temps de latence sensorielle en fonction des intensités excitatrices , 1913 .

[26]  J. Pokorny,et al.  Threshold temporal integration of chromatic stimuli , 1984, Vision Research.

[27]  J. J. Vos.  Colorimetric and photometric properties of a 2° fundamental observer , 1978 .

[28]  M. Webster,et al.  The influence of contrast adaptation on color appearance , 1994, Vision Research.

[29]  Robert M. Boynton,et al.  Chromatic difference steps of moderate size measured along theoretically critical axes , 1980 .

[30]  B. B. Lee,et al.  The physiological basis of heterochromatic flicker photometry demonstrated in the ganglion cells of the macaque retina. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[31]  R. M. Boynton.  Human color vision , 1979 .

[32]  J. Pokorny,et al.  How surrounds affect chromaticity discrimination. , 1993, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[33]  H. Kolb,et al.  Uniqueness of the S‐cone pedicle in the human retina and consequences for color processing , 1997, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[34]  Kim Hong-suk,et al.  Optimum brightness level and simplified characterization of CRT color monitors , 2000 .

[35]  K. Takahama,et al.  Chromatic-adaptation study by subjective-estimation method. , 1974, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[36]  Joshua I. Breier,et al.  Effects of background color on reaction time to stimuli varying in size and contrast: Inferences about human M channels , 1994, Vision Research.

[37]  R. Mansfield,et al.  Latency functions in human vision. , 1973, Vision research.

[38]  J. Krauskopf,et al.  Reaction time as a measure of the temporal response properties of individua colour mechanisms. , 1973, Vision research.

[39]  Manuel Rubiño,et al.  Considerations on the calibration of color displays assuming constant channel chromaticity , 1995 .

[40]  David L. Post,et al.  Further evaluation of methods for producing desired colors on CRT monitors , 2000 .

[41]  José A. García,et al.  Evaluation of color-discrimination ellipsoids in two-color spaces , 1993 .

[42]  R. L. Valois,et al.  Temporal dynamics of chromatic tuning in macaque primary visual cortex , 1998, Nature.

[43]  R. M. Boynton.  A system of photometry and colorimetry based on cone excitations , 1986 .

[44]  Gunther Wyszecki,et al.  Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd Edition , 2000 .

[45]  M. Ikeda,et al.  Integrating time for visual pattern perception and a comparison with the tactile mode , 1978, Vision Research.

[46]  R. W. Bowen.  Latencies for chromatic and achromatic visual mechanisms , 1981, Vision Research.