Strategy Formation—Strategy Formulation and Implementation

The evolution of strategic management has been influenced by many disciplines, such as biology, history, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, economics, urban planning, political science, and military history (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel, 1998). As the strategic management field has evolved, different views on strategic management have emerged on its nature and characteristics. Since the 1980s, scholars have reviewed strategic management literature and recognised groups of authors who share similar views about strategy and strategic management and how strategic decisions should be formulated and implemented. A number of terms have been used for each trend or development, such as pattern, method, view, approach , or schools of thought.

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