Blood Flow in the Heart and Large Vessels

The rapid progress in haemodynamics over the last twenty years has depended greatly on the development of instrumentation. The quantities necessary for the description of blood flow are the pressure and velocity (or flow-rate) of the blood. Since the blood flow in large arteries has periodic, transient, and sometimes random characteristics, a system for measuring pressure or velocity must have a sufficiently large frequency response to cover the spectrum associated with the pressure or velocity waveform. The practical application of the catheter-tip transducer led to the improvement of the quality of blood pressure data even in terms of fluid dynamics. Various systems for measuring the blood velocity, each having its merits and faults, have been developed, and a considerable amount of experimental and clinical data are now available. The present stage of research in cardiovascular fluid dynamics is described here in relation to several methods of measurement.

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