Conceptualizing, investigating, and enhancing adaptive expertise in elementary mathematics education

Some years ago, Hatano differentiated between routine and adaptive expertise and made a strong plea for the development and implementation of learning environments that aim at the latter type of expertise and not just the former. In this contribution we reflect on one aspect of adaptivity, namely the adaptive use of solution strategies in elementary school arithmetic. In the first part of this article we give some conceptual and methodological reflections on the adaptivity issue. More specifically, we critically review definitions and operationalisations of strategy adaptivity that only take into account task and subject characteristics and we argue for a concept and an approach that also involve the sociocultural context. The second part comprises some educational considerations with respect to the questions why, when, for whom, and how to strive for adaptive expertise in elementary mathematics education.RésuméIl y a quelques années, Hatano faisait le partage entre l’expertise routinière et adaptative, et plaidoyait avec force en faveur du développement et de la réalisation des programmes d’instruction qui visent spécialement ce dernier type d’expertise. Dans cette contribution nous réfléchissons sur un aspect de l’adaptativité, à savoir l’utilisation adaptative des stratégies de solution dans l’arithmétique de l’école primaire. Dans la première partie de cet article nous donnons quelques réflexions conceptuelles et méthodologiques sur la question d’adaptativité. Plus spécifiquement, nous analysons de façon critique les définitions et les opérationnalisations de l’adaptativité stratégique qui tiennent compte non seulement des caractéristiques de la tâche et de l’individu, mais nous plaidons aussi pour un concept et une approche méthodologique qui impliquent également le contexte socioculturel. La deuxième partie comporte quelques considérations éducatives concernant les questions pourquoi, quand, pour qui, et comment obtient-on l’expertise adaptive dans l’éducation élémentaire de mathématiques.

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