Polyaniline modified MIL-100(Fe) for enhanced photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and tetracycline degradation under white light.

The Z-scheme MIL-100(Fe)/PANI composite photocatalysts were facilely prepared from MIL-100(Fe) and polyaniline (PANI) by ball-milling, and were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible diffuse-reflectance spectrometry (UV-vis DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence emission spectrometry (PL). The photocatalytic activities of MIL-100(Fe)/PANI composites were investigated via tetracycline degradation and hexavalent chromium reduction in aqueous solution under the irradiation of white light. The results revealed that the MIL-100(Fe)/PANI composite photocatalysts exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activities toward Cr(VI) reduction and tetracycline decomposition. The effects of pH and coexisting ions on the photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction were investigated. As well, the primary active species were identified via electron spin resonance (ESR) determination. A possible Z-scheme photocatalyst mechanism was proposed and verified. Finally, MIL-100(Fe)/PANI composites demonstrated good reusability and stability in water solution, implying potentially practical applications for real wastewater treatment.

[1]  Guohua Chen,et al.  Removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from wastewater by maghemite nanoparticles. , 2005, Water research.

[2]  Hongtao Yu,et al.  Efficient photo-Fenton activity in mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) decorated with ZnO nanosphere for pollutants degradation , 2019, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[3]  Zhaohui Li,et al.  An amine-functionalized titanium metal-organic framework photocatalyst with visible-light-induced activity for CO2 reduction. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[4]  Ling Wu,et al.  MIL-53(Fe) as a highly efficient bifunctional photocatalyst for the simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of dyes. , 2015, Journal of hazardous materials.

[5]  Shifu Chen,et al.  Design of a direct Z-scheme photocatalyst: preparation and characterization of Bi₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ with high visible light activity. , 2014, Journal of hazardous materials.

[6]  B. N. Nair,et al.  C3N4 anchored ZIF 8 composites: photo-regenerable, high capacity sorbents as adsorptive photocatalysts for the effective removal of tetracycline from water , 2017 .

[7]  G. Zeng,et al.  Synthesis and applications of novel graphitic carbon nitride/metal-organic frameworks mesoporous photocatalyst for dyes removal , 2015 .

[8]  Michael O’Keeffe,et al.  The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks , 2013, Science.

[9]  Huifen Fu,et al.  The facile fabrication of 2D/3D Z-scheme g-C3N4/UiO-66 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction performance under white light , 2019, Chemical Engineering Journal.

[10]  M. Soylak,et al.  Preconcentration of Pb(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions in environmental samples by membrane filtration prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. , 2007, Journal of hazardous materials.

[11]  Fumin Zhang,et al.  Polyoxometalates confined in the mesoporous cages of metal–organic framework MIL-100(Fe): Efficient heterogeneous catalysts for esterification and acetalization reactions , 2015 .

[12]  Huifen Fu,et al.  Highly efficient photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and organic pollutants degradation of two new bifunctional 2D Cd/Co-based MOFs , 2018, Polyhedron.

[13]  Ling Wu,et al.  A simple strategy for fabrication of Pd@MIL-100(Fe) nanocomposite as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst for the treatment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) , 2015 .

[14]  Yaqing Zhang,et al.  A novel magnetic MIL-101(Fe)/TiO2 composite for photo degradation of tetracycline under solar light. , 2019, Journal of hazardous materials.

[15]  Junfa Zhu,et al.  New photocatalysts based on MIL-53 metal-organic frameworks for the decolorization of methylene blue dye. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[16]  Guangming Zeng,et al.  Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Z-Scheme Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2WO6 Heterojunction Photocatalyst with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[17]  Kristine H. Wammer,et al.  Tetracycline photolysis in natural waters: loss of antibacterial activity. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[18]  Peng Wang,et al.  A stable 1D mixed-valence CuI/CuII coordination polymer with photocatalytic reduction activity toward Cr(Ⅵ) , 2019, Journal of Molecular Structure.

[19]  Bryan Bilyeu,et al.  A review of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods for aqueous Cr(VI) reduction. , 2012, Journal of hazardous materials.

[20]  Zhengbo Jiao,et al.  Modified Bi2WO6 with metal-organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light. , 2017, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[21]  Qun Chen,et al.  Cobalt ferrite–polyaniline heteroarchitecture: a magnetically recyclable photocatalyst with highly enhanced performances , 2012 .

[22]  Kerileng M. Molapo,et al.  Polyaniline-metal organic framework nanocomposite as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction , 2018 .

[23]  G. Cheng,et al.  Preparation of polyaniline-modified TiO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination , 2008 .

[24]  Jia Yang,et al.  Facile synthesis of Bi2MoO6–MIL-100(Fe) metal–organic framework composites with enhanced photocatalytic performance , 2017 .

[25]  Chongchen Wang,et al.  Photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and organic-pollutant degradation in a stable 2D coordination polymer , 2017 .

[26]  Yongcai Zhang,et al.  Acid-treated g-C3N4 with improved photocatalytic performance in the reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) under visible-light , 2015 .

[27]  M. Litter,et al.  Experimental Evidence in Favor of an Initial One-Electron-Transfer Process in the Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reduction of Chromium(VI) over TiO2 , 2001 .

[28]  C. Janiak,et al.  Programming MOFs for water sorption: amino-functionalized MIL-125 and UiO-66 for heat transformation and heat storage applications. , 2013, Dalton transactions.

[29]  Shengwei Liu,et al.  Enhanced photocatalytic conversion of greenhouse gas CO2 into solar fuels over g-C3N4 nanotubes with decorated transparent ZIF-8 nanoclusters , 2017 .

[30]  Yang Wang,et al.  A metal–organic framework and conducting polymer based electrochemical sensor for high performance cadmium ion detection , 2017 .

[31]  Guohui Dong,et al.  Synthesis and Enhanced Cr(VI) Photoreduction Property of Formate Anion Containing Graphitic Carbon Nitride , 2013 .

[32]  Xiu‐Ping Yan,et al.  Metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe) as the stationary phase for both normal-phase and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[33]  Ying-hua Liang,et al.  A stable Ag3PO4@PANI core@shell hybrid: Enrichment photocatalytic degradation with π-π conjugation , 2017 .

[34]  Cheng Wang,et al.  Metal–Organic Frameworks for Light Harvesting and Photocatalysis , 2012 .

[35]  Qi Chen,et al.  The vital role of PANI for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of magnetically recyclable N–K2Ti4O9/MnFe2O4/PANI composites , 2014 .

[36]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Fabrication and photocatalytic activity enhanced mechanism of direct Z-scheme g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 photocatalyst , 2017 .

[37]  Ling Wu,et al.  NH2-mediated indium metal–organic framework as a novel visible-light-driven photocatalyst for reduction of the aqueous Cr(VI) , 2015 .

[38]  Peng Wang,et al.  Robust photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) on UiO-66-NH2(Zr/Hf) metal-organic framework membrane under sunlight irradiation , 2019, Chemical Engineering Journal.

[39]  Yong-ming Wei,et al.  Mixed-Matrix Membrane Hollow Fibers of Cu3(BTC)2 MOF and Polyimide for Gas Separation and Adsorption , 2010 .

[40]  Jinlong Zhang,et al.  S-doped α-Fe2O3 as a highly active heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst towards the degradation of acid orange 7 and phenol , 2010 .

[41]  S. Yuan,et al.  Improved recyclability and selectivity of environment-friendly MFA-based heterojunction imprinted photocatalyst for secondary pollution free tetracycline orientation degradation , 2019, Chemical Engineering Journal.

[42]  Hua-ming Li,et al.  Three dimensional polyaniline/MgIn2S4 nanoflower photocatalysts accelerated interfacial charge transfer for the photoreduction of Cr(VI), photodegradation of organic pollution and photocatalytic H2 production , 2019, Chemical Engineering Journal.

[43]  Junfa Zhu,et al.  Facile fabrication of CdS-metal-organic framework nanocomposites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for organic transformation , 2015, Nano Research.

[44]  Xun Wang,et al.  The synthesis strategies and photocatalytic performances of TiO2/MOFs composites: A state-of-the-art review , 2020 .

[45]  Bạch Long Giang,et al.  Free-standing polypyrrole/polyaniline composite film fabricated by interfacial polymerization at the vapor/liquid interface for enhanced hexavalent chromium adsorption , 2019, RSC advances.

[46]  Danzhen Li,et al.  Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants by PANI-Modified TiO2 Composite , 2012 .

[47]  Ling Wu,et al.  Multifunctional NH2-mediated zirconium metal-organic framework as an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols and reduction of aqueous Cr(VI). , 2013, Dalton transactions.

[48]  Yuyuan Yao,et al.  Synergistic effects of iron ion and PANI in biochar material for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) , 2019, Materials Letters.

[49]  Y. Ku,et al.  Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions by UV irradiation with the presence of titanium dioxide. , 2001, Water research.

[50]  Hao Meng,et al.  Ag3 PO4 -MIL-53(Fe) Composites with Visible-Light-Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities for Rhodamine B Degradation , 2018, ChemistrySelect.

[51]  C. Serre,et al.  Controlled reducibility of a metal-organic framework with coordinatively unsaturated sites for preferential gas sorption. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[52]  F. Chang,et al.  Simultaneous photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and 2,4,6-TCP oxidation over g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation , 2014 .

[53]  Changcun Han,et al.  In situ synthesis and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activities of novel PANI–g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts , 2012 .

[54]  Huifen Fu,et al.  Facile fabrication and enhanced photocatalytic performance of visible light responsive UiO-66-NH2/Ag2CO3 composite , 2019, Chinese Journal of Catalysis.

[55]  M. Yu,et al.  Facile synthesis of polypyrrole@metal-organic framework core-shell nanocomposites for dual-mode imaging and synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer cells. , 2017, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[56]  N. Parveen,et al.  Enhanced electrochemical behavior and hydrophobicity of crystalline polyaniline@graphene nanocomposite synthesized at elevated temperature , 2016 .

[57]  Peng Wang,et al.  Powerful combination of MOFs and C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic performance , 2019, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[58]  Z. Lei,et al.  MIL-53(Fe)-graphene nanocomposites: Efficient visible-light photocatalysts for the selective oxidation of alcohols , 2016 .

[59]  J. Crittenden,et al.  A Critical Review on Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation of Photocatalysts with Remodeling Crystal Lattice, Surface and Interface. , 2019, ACS nano.

[60]  王鹏,et al.  模拟太阳光照射下MIL-100(Fe)/g-C 3 N 4 异质结光催化Cr(VI)还原和双氯芬酸钠降解 , 2019 .

[61]  Dong Kyu Yoo,et al.  Polyaniline-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101: Adsorbent with Record-High Adsorption Capacity for the Removal of Both Basic Quinoline and Neutral Indole from Liquid Fuel. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[62]  Zhihua Wang,et al.  Facile fabrication of BUC-21/Bi24O31Br10 composites for enhanced photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction under white light , 2020 .

[63]  G. Zeng,et al.  Simultaneously efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by Fe-based MOFs. , 2018, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[64]  Huifen Fu,et al.  Porous tube-like ZnS derived from rod-like ZIF-L for photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and organic pollutants degradation. , 2019, Environmental pollution.

[65]  Yi Feng,et al.  Fabrication of TiO2 embedded ZnIn2S4 nanosheets for efficient Cr(VI) reduction , 2020 .

[66]  S. Pehkonen,et al.  Removal of Aqueous Cr(VI) by a Combination of Photocatalytic Reduction and Coprecipitation , 2004 .

[67]  Jian‐Rong Li,et al.  Photocatalytic organic pollutants degradation in metal–organic frameworks , 2014 .

[68]  Huimin Zhao,et al.  Remarkable improvement of visible light photocatalysis with PANI modified core–shell mesoporous TiO2 microspheres , 2011 .

[69]  Wanhong Ma,et al.  Resin modified MIL-53 (Fe) MOF for improvement of photocatalytic performance , 2017 .

[70]  Z. Lei,et al.  PANI/FeUiO-66 nanohybrids with enhanced visible-light promoted photocatalytic activity for the selectively aerobic oxidation of aromatic alcohols , 2017 .

[71]  Qiang Huang,et al.  Efficient and stable photocatalytic reduction of aqueous hexavalent chromium ions by polyaniline surface-hybridized ZnO nanosheets , 2019, Journal of Molecular Liquids.

[72]  Peng Wang,et al.  Photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction in metal-organic frameworks: A mini-review , 2016 .

[73]  J. Crittenden,et al.  Electrochemical oxidation and advanced oxidation processes using a 3D hexagonal Co3O4 array anode for 4-nitrophenol decomposition coupled with simultaneous CO2 conversion to liquid fuels via a flower-like CuO cathode. , 2019, Water research.

[74]  Yi Feng,et al.  Defect-Tailoring and Titanium Substitution in Metal–Organic Framework UiO-66-NH2 for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) , 2019, ACS Applied Nano Materials.

[75]  Yongcai Zhang,et al.  Exceptional synergistic enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of SnS2 by coupling with polyaniline and N-doped reduced graphene oxide , 2018, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[76]  C. Serre,et al.  Synthesis and catalytic properties of MIL-100(Fe), an iron(III) carboxylate with large pores. , 2007, Chemical communications.

[77]  Jinhua Ye,et al.  An Amine‐Functionalized Iron(III) Metal–Organic Framework as Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalyst for Cr(VI) Reduction , 2015, Advanced science.

[78]  Lin Yang,et al.  Studies on photocatalytic CO(2) reduction over NH2 -Uio-66(Zr) and its derivatives: towards a better understanding of photocatalysis on metal-organic frameworks. , 2013, Chemistry.

[79]  Xiuzhen Wei,et al.  Removal of Heavy Metals from Electroplating Wastewater by Thin-Film Composite Nanofiltration Hollow-Fiber Membranes , 2013 .

[80]  Ling Wu,et al.  Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles anchored on UiO-66(NH₂) metal-organic framework as a reusable and dual functional visible-light-driven photocatalyst. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[81]  M. Jaroniec,et al.  Direct Z-scheme photocatalysts: Principles, synthesis, and applications , 2018, Materials Today.

[82]  Xiao Tan,et al.  Ternary assembly of g-C3N4/graphene oxide sheets /BiFeO3 heterojunction with enhanced photoreduction of Cr(VI) under visible-light irradiation. , 2019, Chemosphere.

[83]  Gérard Prêle,et al.  the chemistry of , 2011 .

[84]  Shuangquan Zang,et al.  Synergistic photocatalysis of Cr(VI) reduction and 4-Chlorophenol degradation over hydroxylated α-Fe2O3 under visible light irradiation. , 2016, Journal of hazardous materials.

[85]  Jianrong Chen,et al.  Synthesis of PANI/AlOOH composite for Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction from aqueous solutions , 2019, ChemistrySelect.

[86]  Hao Zhang,et al.  Photocorrosion Inhibition and Photoactivity Enhancement for Zinc Oxide via Hybridization with Monolayer Polyaniline , 2009 .

[87]  Jinlong Zhang,et al.  Carbon nitride coupled Ti-SBA15 catalyst for visible-light-driven photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) and the synergistic oxidation of phenol , 2017 .

[88]  Guoqing Zhang,et al.  Hollow metal-organic framework nanospheres via emulsion-based interfacial synthesis and their application in size-selective catalysis. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.