Social Navigation of Information Space

1 Footprints in the Snow.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Mapping Social Navigation.- 1.3 Shifting Perspective.- 1.4 Social Navigation and Methodology.- 1.5 The Future of Social Navigation.- References.- 2 Where the Footprints Lead: Tracking Down Other Roles for Social Navigation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Perspectives on Social Navigation.- 2.3 Spatial, Semantic and Social Navigation.- 2.4 New Opportunities for Social Navigation.- 2.5 Social Navigation and Collaborative Awareness.- 2.6 Social Navigation and Models of Space.- 2.7 Conclusions: New Opportunities for Social Navigation.- References.- 3 Social Connotations of Space in the Design for Virtual Communities and Social Navigation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Social Navigation.- 3.3 Open Issues in Social Navigation.- 3.4 Social Connotations in Real and Virtual Spaces.- 3.5 Summary.- References.- 4 Informatics, Architecture and Language.- 4.1 What Underlies HCI?.- 4.2 Space Syntax.- 4.3 Information Structures Seen as Architectural Plans.- 4.4 The Path Model: An Information Access Approach Based on Activity.- 4.5 Conclusion.- References.- 5 Information that Counts: A Sociological View of Information Navigation.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The Fieldwork and the Setting.- 5.3 The Empirical Examples.- 5.4 Implications for Information Navigation on the Web.- 5.5 Conclusion.- Reference.- 6 Screen Scenery: Transposing Aesthetic Principles from Real to Electronic Environments.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Electronic Landscapes.- 6.3 The Ethnographic Study.- 6.4 Spatial Grammars.- 6.5 Presence and Orientation in Electronic Environments.- 6.6 Everyday Practices of Orientation and Perception and Spatial Grammars.- 6.7 Conclusion.- References.- 7 Navigating the Virtual Landscape: Co-ordinating the Shared Use of Space.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Shared Information Spaces.- 7.3 Methodological Approach and Research Setting.- 7.4 Observations.- 7.5 Summary and Conclusions: Co-ordinating the Shared Use of Space.- References.- 8 Spaces, Places, Landscapes and Views: Experiential Design of Shared Information Spaces.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Personal Spaces versus Public Places.- 8.3 Information Cities, Islands, Vehicles and Views.- 8.4 The Experiential Approach to HCI Design.- 8.5 Presences and Concealment.- 8.6 Conclusions.- References.- 9 The Conceptual Structure of Information Space.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Study: Users Describe Web Experience.- 9.3 Discussion.- 9.4 Conclusion.- References.- 10 A Contrast Between Information Navigation and Social Navigation in Virtual Worlds.- 10.1 Navigation.- 10.2 Home Hunting.- 10.3 Extension to Digital Representation and Social Navigation.- 10.4 Computer-Assisted Home-Hunting.- 10.5 Social Navigation: Cocktail Party Browsing.- 10.6 Computer-Assisted Remote Acquaintance.- 10.7 Comparisons: Information vs Social Navigation.- 10.8 Conclusions.- References.- 11 Understanding Representations of Space: A Comparison of Visualisation Techniques in Mainstream Cinema and Computer Interfaces.- 11.1 Introduction and Some Distinctions.- 11.2 Understanding Cinematic vs Digital Representations.- 11.3 Concluding Comments.- References.- 12 The Role of Wearables in Social Navigation.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Defining a Wearable.- 12.3 Wearables and Social Navigation.- 12.4 Augmentation.- 12.5 Time-Space Trajectories.- 12.6 Wearables in Context.- 12.7 Future Work.- 12.8 Summary - Creating Cultural Footprints.- References.- 13 Evaluating Adaptive Navigation Support.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Adaptive Navigation Systems.- 13.3 Evaluations of Adaptive Navigation Systems.- 13.4 Evaluation Criteria.- 13.5 Summary.- References.- 14 Footsteps from the Garden - Arcadian Knowledge Spaces.- 14.0 Introduction: Personal and Social Navigation in Shared "Organic" Landscapes.- 14.2 Information Finding, Memory and Social Navigation.- 14.3 From Applications to Agents - Ecologies in the Interface.- 14.4 Organic Metaphors.- 14.3 The Knowledge Garden.- 14.4 (By Way of Some) Conclusions.- References.

[1]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Metaphors We Live By , 1980 .

[2]  Bill Hillier,et al.  Space is the machine , 1996 .

[3]  Patrizia Marti,et al.  Location Aware Mobile Interactive Guides: Usability Issues , 1997, ICHIM.

[4]  Kristina Höök,et al.  Navigation in Information Spaces: supporting the individual , 1997, INTERACT.

[5]  Loren G. Terveen,et al.  The dynamics of mass interaction , 1998, CSCW '98.

[6]  Steve Benford,et al.  Shared spaces: transportation, artificiality, and spatiality , 1996, CSCW '96.

[7]  Mark H. Chignell,et al.  A Manifesto for Hypermedia Usability Research , 1989, Hypermedia.

[8]  W. Edward Said,et al.  Out of Place: A Memoir , 1999 .

[9]  Irwin Altman,et al.  Personal Space: An Analysis of E.T. Hall’s Proxemics Framework , 1977 .

[10]  M. Foucault.  The archaeology of knowledge , 1970 .

[11]  Seana Coulson,et al.  Semantic leaps : the role of frame-shifting and conceptual blending in meaning construction , 1997 .

[12]  Robert Jensen,et al.  Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America@@@Marketing Modernism in Fin-de-Siecle Europe@@@Privacy and Publicity: Modern Architecture as Mass Media , 1995 .

[13]  Thomas Erickson,et al.  Working with interface metaphors , 1995 .

[14]  John Waterworth.  Personal Spaces: 3D Spatial Worlds for Information Exploration, Organisation and Communication , 1996 .

[15]  S. Levinson,et al.  LANGUAGE AND SPACE , 1996 .

[16]  Peter Wegner,et al.  Why interaction is more powerful than algorithms , 1997, CACM.

[17]  Alfred Kobsa,et al.  KN-AHS: an adaptive hypertext client of the user modeling system BGP-MS , 1998 .

[18]  Eve Sweetser,et al.  From Etymology to Pragmatics: Preface , 1990 .

[19]  Yoav Shoham,et al.  Fab: content-based, collaborative recommendation , 1997, CACM.

[20]  Andrew U. Frank,et al.  A City Metaphor to Support Navigation in Complex Information Spaces , 1998, J. Vis. Lang. Comput..

[21]  S. Turkle.  Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet , 1997 .

[22]  Peter Brusilovsky.  Methods and Techniques of Adaptive Hypermedia , 1996 .

[23]  Rosalind W. Picard.  Affective Computing , 1997 .

[24]  Hiroshi Ishii.  TeamWorkStation: towards a seamless shared workspace , 1990, CSCW '90.

[25]  Steve Benford,et al.  Building virtual cities: applying urban planning principles to the design of virtual environments , 1996, VRST.

[26]  G. Fauconnier.  Mappings in thought and language , 1997 .

[27]  Dan Shapiro,et al.  The limits of ethnography: combining social sciences for CSCW , 1994, CSCW '94.

[28]  Andreas Dieberger,et al.  Supporting social navigation on the World Wide Web , 1997, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[29]  Andreas Dieberger.  On magic features in (spatial) metaphors , 1995, LINK.

[30]  Pierre Teilhard de Chardin,et al.  Let Me Explain , 1970 .

[31]  Maryalice Citera.  Distributed Teamwork: The Impact of Communication Media on Influence and Decision Quality , 1998, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci..

[32]  Matthew Chalmers,et al.  The Order of Things: Activity-Centred Information Access, , 1998, Comput. Networks.

[33]  Steve Howard,et al.  Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT ’97 , 1997, IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing.

[34]  Jun Rekimoto,et al.  Augment-able reality: situated communication through physical and digital spaces , 1998, Digest of Papers. Second International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Cat. No.98EX215).

[35]  Steve Benford,et al.  Fragmented interaction: establishing mutual orientation in virtual environments , 1998, CSCW '98.

[36]  Tom Rodden,et al.  A protocol for user awareness on the World Wide Web , 1996, CSCW '96.

[37]  M Barnes.  In the middle ages. , 1983, Nursing mirror.

[38]  Gilles Fauconnier,et al.  Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression , 1995 .

[39]  D. Linder,et al.  Public Places and Spaces. , 1990 .

[40]  Yutaka Matsushita,et al.  Multiparty videoconferencing at virtual social distance: MAJIC design , 1994, CSCW '94.

[41]  D. Stokols.  On the distinction between density and crowding: some implications for future research. , 1972, Psychological review.

[42]  Ferdinand de Saussure.  Course in General Linguistics , 1916 .

[43]  Colin Potts,et al.  Design of Everyday Things , 1988 .

[44]  Saul Greenberg,et al.  Revisitation patterns in World Wide Web navigation , 1997, CHI.

[45]  N. Schmajuk.  Cognitive maps , 1998 .

[46]  Murray Silverstein,et al.  A Pattern Language , 1977 .

[47]  W. Whyte.  The social life of small urban spaces , 1980 .

[48]  Pål Sørgaard.  A Cooperative Work Perspective on Use and Development of Computer Artifacts , 1987 .

[49]  T. Nagel.  The view from nowhere , 1987 .

[50]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Re-place-ing space: the roles of place and space in collaborative systems , 1996, CSCW '96.

[51]  John C. Thomas,et al.  Metaphor and the Cognitive Representation of Computing Systems , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[52]  M. Baldassare.  Human Spatial Behavior , 1978 .

[53]  MARK JOHNSON.  Philosophical implications of cognitive semantics , 1992 .

[54]  George Lakoff,et al.  Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things , 1987 .

[55]  James E. Cutting,et al.  Chapter 3 – Perceiving Layout and Knowing Distances: The Integration, Relative Potency, and Contextual Use of Different Information about Depth* , 1995 .

[56]  Lisa Neal.  Virtual classrooms and communities , 1997 .

[57]  Richard Coyne,et al.  Designing Information Technology in the Postmodern Age: From Method to Metaphor , 1995 .

[58]  Rudy Darken,et al.  Wayfinding strategies and behaviors in large virtual worlds , 1996, CHI.

[59]  Peter Brusilovsky,et al.  A study of adaptive link annotation in educational hypermedia , 1998 .

[60]  Christopher Alexander,et al.  The Timeless Way of Building , 1979 .

[61]  Philip Davis.  In Inverted Commas , 1995 .

[62]  Rudolf Arnheim,et al.  Die Macht Der Mitte. Eine Kompositionslehre Für Die Bildenden Künste. , 1996 .

[63]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind , 1988 .

[64]  N. Gale,et al.  Exploring the anchor-point hypothesis of spatial cognition , 1987 .

[65]  John M. Carroll,et al.  Interface metaphors and user interface design , 1988 .

[66]  Peter Brusilovsky,et al.  User as Student: Towards an Adaptive Interface for Advanced Web-Based Applications , 1997 .

[67]  Thomas Elsaesser,et al.  Early cinema: space frame narrative , 1990 .

[68]  Clifford Nass,et al.  Humor in task-oriented computer-mediated communication and human-computer interaction , 1998, CHI Conference Summary.

[69]  John Leubsdorf,et al.  Privacy and Freedom , 1968 .

[70]  E. Goffman.  The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , 1959 .

[71]  Larry F. Hodges,et al.  Overcoming phobias by virtual exposure , 1997, CACM.

[72]  Thomas P. Moran,et al.  User-tailorable systems: pressing the issues with buttons , 1990, CHI '90.

[73]  M. Boisot,et al.  Information Space , 1995 .

[74]  Loren Terveen,et al.  PHOAKS: a system for sharing recommendations , 1997, CACM.

[75]  M. Turner,et al.  Death Is the Mother of Beauty: Mind, Metaphor, Criticism , 1987 .

[76]  Matthew Chalmers,et al.  A linear iteration time layout algorithm for visualising high-dimensional data , 1996, Proceedings of Seventh Annual IEEE Visualization '96.

[77]  Catherine C. Marshall,et al.  Toward an ecology of hypertext annotation , 1998, HYPERTEXT '98.

[78]  P. Ricoeur,et al.  Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences: Essays on Language, Action and Interpretation , 2016 .

[79]  Mark L. Johnson.  The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason , 1989 .

[80]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Portholes: supporting awareness in a distributed work group , 1992, CHI.

[81]  Edward O. Thorp,et al.  The invention of the first wearable computer , 1998, Digest of Papers. Second International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Cat. No.98EX215).

[82]  David Benyon,et al.  Developing adaptive systems to fit individual aptitudes , 1993, IUI '93.

[83]  Elaine M. Raybourn.  An intercultural computer-based multi-user simulation supporting participant exploration of identity and power in a text-based networked virtual reality: Domecity TM Moo , 1998 .

[84]  H. Osmond,et al.  Function as the Basis of Psychiatric Ward Design , 1957 .

[85]  Mark Rosenstein,et al.  Recommending and evaluating choices in a virtual community of use , 1995, CHI '95.

[86]  Michael Henry Heim,et al.  The metaphysics of virtual reality , 1993 .

[87]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Running Out of Space: Models of Information Navigation , 1999 .

[88]  Christer Carlsson,et al.  DIVE - A platform for multi-user virtual environments , 1993, Comput. Graph..

[89]  Werner Kuhn,et al.  Metaphors Create Theories For Users , 1993, COSIT.

[90]  Herbert L. Colston,et al.  The cognitive psychological reality of image schemas and their transformations , 1995 .

[91]  Tom Rodden,et al.  Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work , 1997, Springer Netherlands.

[92]  Graham Button,et al.  The relevance of “work-practice” for design , 1995 .

[93]  Edwin Hutchins,et al.  The technology of team navigation , 1990 .

[94]  E. Hall,et al.  The Hidden Dimension , 1970 .

[95]  W. Whyte.  City: Rediscovering the Center , 1988 .

[96]  David Bordwell,et al.  The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style & Mode of Production to 1960 , 1985 .

[97]  David D. Woods,et al.  The price of flexibility , 1993, IUI '93.

[98]  E. Tiryakian,et al.  Studies in social interaction , 1972 .

[99]  Scott E. Hudson,et al.  Techniques for addressing fundamental privacy and disruption tradeoffs in awareness support systems , 1996, CSCW '96.

[100]  Nancy Baym,et al.  The Performance of Humor in Computer-Mediated Communication , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[101]  Christian Heath,et al.  Media Space and Communicative Asymmetries: Preliminary Observations of Video-Mediated Interaction , 1992, Hum. Comput. Interact..

[102]  Brian Falkenhainer,et al.  Viewing Metaphor as Analogy , 1988 .

[103]  John B. Smith,et al.  Proceedings of the ACM conference on Hypertext , 1987 .

[104]  Steve Benford,et al.  The populated web: Browsing, searching and inhabiting the WWW using collaborative virtual environments , 1997, INTERACT.

[105]  P. Johnson-Laird.  Mental models , 1989 .

[106]  David J. Danelski,et al.  Privacy and Freedom , 1968 .

[107]  E. Hutchins.  Cognition in the wild , 1995 .

[108]  D. Norman.  The psychology of everyday things , 1990 .

[109]  Bradley N. Miller,et al.  GroupLens: applying collaborative filtering to Usenet news , 1997, CACM.

[110]  A NardiBonnie,et al.  Finding and reminding , 1995 .

[111]  J. Murray.  Hamlet on the Holodeck , 1997 .

[112]  Dan Shapiro,et al.  Faltering from ethnography to design , 1992, CSCW '92.

[113]  Lena Jayyusi,et al.  Ethnomethodology and the human sciences: Values and moral judgement: communicative praxis as moral order , 1991 .

[114]  Clifford Nass,et al.  The media equation - how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places , 1996 .

[115]  Karen Holtzblatt,et al.  Contextual design: using customer work models to drive systems design , 1996, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[116]  Gilles Fauconnier,et al.  Conceptual Integration Networks , 1998, Cogn. Sci..

[117]  I. Biederman.  Recognition-by-components: a theory of human image understanding. , 1987, Psychological review.

[118]  Matthew Chalmers,et al.  Comparing information access approaches , 1999 .

[119]  Michael R. Genesereth,et al.  Software agents , 1994, CACM.

[120]  Carl Gutwin,et al.  Effects of awareness support on groupware usability , 1998, CHI.

[121]  柄谷 行人,et al.  Architecture as Metaphor: Language, Number, Money , 1995 .

[122]  J. Murray.  Hamlet on the Holodeck , 1997 .

[123]  Loren G. Terveen,et al.  Evaluating emergent collaboration on the Web , 1998, CSCW '98.

[124]  R. M. Jefferson,et al.  Sorry About That , 1967 .

[125]  Jane Wilhelms,et al.  Put: language-based interactive manipulation of objects , 1996, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[126]  Wolfgang Prinz,et al.  Supporting Cooperative Awareness with Local Event Mechanisms: The GroupDesk System , 1995, ECSCW.

[127]  Robert Spence,et al.  A framework for navigation , 1999, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[128]  Gerhard Weber,et al.  User Modeling and Adaptive Navigation Support in WWW-Based Tutoring Systems , 1997 .

[129]  Dimitrios Charitos,et al.  On architectural design in virtual environments , 1997 .

[130]  Maureen C. Stone,et al.  Enhanced dynamic queries via movable filters , 1995, CHI '95.

[131]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective , 1989 .

[132]  Carlo Strapparava,et al.  Person-Oriented Guided Visits in a Physical Museum , 1997, International Cultural Heritage Informatics Meeting.

[133]  B. Nardi.  Context and consciousness: activity theory and human-computer interaction , 1995 .

[134]  Alec Fisher,et al.  Modern Epistemology: A New Introduction , 1994 .

[135]  J. Mahon.  The Poetics of Mind , 1996 .

[136]  J. Walther.  Computer-Mediated Communication , 1996 .

[137]  John Waterworth,et al.  Creativity and Sensation: The Case for Synaesthetic Media , 1997 .

[138]  S. Turkle.  Life on the Screen , 1995 .

[139]  Paul P. Maglio,et al.  Apparent motion on the World Wide Web , 1996 .

[140]  Liam J. Bannon,et al.  Constructing Common Information Spaces , 1997, ECSCW.

[141]  Carl Gutwin,et al.  Design for individuals, design for groups: tradeoffs between power and workspace awareness , 1998, CSCW '98.

[142]  J. Gibson.  The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1979 .

[143]  Andreas Dieberger,et al.  Browsing the WWW by interacting with a textual virtual environment—a framework for experimenting with navigational metaphors , 1996, HYPERTEXT '96.

[144]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Why CSCW applications fail: problems in the design and evaluationof organizational interfaces , 1988, CSCW '88.

[145]  Mike Robinson,et al.  Producing identity in collaborative virtual environments , 1998, VRST '98.

[146]  J. Gomez.  Visual behaviour as a window for reading the mind of others in primates. , 1991 .

[147]  Andreas Dieberger.  Providing Spatial Navigation for the World Wide Web , 1995, COSIT.

[148]  Steven Poltrock,et al.  Business value of 3d virtual environments , 1998, SIGG.

[149]  Sean White,et al.  The first noble truth of CyberSpace: people are people (even when they MOO) , 1998, CHI.

[150]  Jill Smolin.  Event horizon , 1998, SIGGRAPH '98.

[151]  D. C. Feldman,et al.  The Development and Enforcement of Group Norms , 1984 .

[152]  Tim Berners-Lee.  World-wide computer , 1997, CACM.

[153]  M. Knapp,et al.  Nonverbal communication in human interaction , 1972 .

[154]  Robert D. Murphy.  For better understanding , 1949 .

[155]  S. Joy Mountford,et al.  The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design , 1990 .

[156]  Douglas B. Terry,et al.  Using collaborative filtering to weave an information tapestry , 1992, CACM.

[157]  Lynn Cherny,et al.  The mud register : conversational modes of action in a text-based virtual reality , 1996 .

[158]  Keith Duncan,et al.  Cognitive Engineering , 2017, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[159]  Victoria Bellotti,et al.  Design for privacy in multimedia computing and communications environments , 1997 .

[160]  James D. Hollan,et al.  Edit wear and read wear , 1992, CHI.

[161]  Ian Parberry.  Surfing the Web , 1995, SIGA.

[162]  Matthew Chalmers,et al.  Domesticating Bead: adapting an information visualization system to a financial institution , 1997, Proceedings of VIZ '97: Visualization Conference, Information Visualization Symposium and Parallel Rendering Symposium.

[163]  G. Butterworth.  The ontogeny and phylogeny of joint visual attention. , 1991 .

[164]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces , 1992, CSCW '92.

[165]  K. Höök,et al.  Spatial cognition in the mind and in the world - the case of hypermedia navigation , 1996 .

[166]  Christer Carlsson,et al.  A space based model for user interaction in shared synthetic environments , 1993, INTERCHI.

[167]  Thomas Erickson,et al.  From Interface to Interplace: The Spatial Environment as a Medium for Interaction , 1993, COSIT.

[168]  James W. Garson,et al.  ‘Here’ and ‘Now’ , 1969 .

[169]  S. Kosslyn,et al.  Mental imagery , 2013, Front. Psychol..

[170]  Gregory D. Abowd,et al.  Human-computer interaction (2nd ed.) , 1998 .

[171]  G. Hardin,et al.  The Tragedy of the Commons , 1968, Green Planet Blues.

[172]  R. Downs,et al.  Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience , 1978 .

[173]  Douglas B. Terry,et al.  A tour through Tapestry , 1993, COCS '93.

[174]  Linda R. Waugh,et al.  Discourse and perspective in cognitive linguistics , 1997 .

[175]  H. Garfinkel.  Studies in Ethnomethodology , 1968 .

[176]  R. Filman.  Desperately Seeking , 1999 .

[177]  Simon Buckingham Shum,et al.  Real and Virtual Spaces: Mapping from Spatial Cognition to Hypertext , 1990, Hypermedia.

[178]  Paul Resnick,et al.  PICS: Internet access controls without censorship , 1996, CACM.

[179]  A. Schutz.  On Phenomenology And Social Relations , 1970 .

[180]  Bill Hillier,et al.  The social logic of space: Contents , 1984 .

[181]  Paul Resnick,et al.  Recommender systems , 1997, CACM.

[182]  M. Mcluhan.  Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man , 1964 .

[183]  Barbara Hayes-Roth,et al.  Differences in spatial knowledge acquired from maps and navigation , 1982, Cognitive Psychology.

[184]  James C. Lester,et al.  Cinematographic User Models for Automated Realtime Camera Control in Dynamic 3D Environments , 1997 .

[185]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Social information filtering: algorithms for automating “word of mouth” , 1995, CHI '95.

[186]  Jeff Conklin,et al.  Hypertext: An Introduction and Survey , 1987, Computer.

[187]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Accommodating Individual Differences in Searching a Hierarchical File System , 1988, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[188]  Noël Burch,et al.  Life To Those Shadows , 1990 .

[189]  Matthew Chalmers,et al.  Adding imageability features to information displays , 1996, UIST '96.

[190]  Kjeld Schmidt,et al.  Taking CSCW Seriously: Supporting Articulation Work * , 1992 .

[191]  Marie Sjölinder,et al.  Individual Differences and Navigation in Hypermedia , 1996 .

[192]  Richard Levy.  Visualization of Urban Alternatives , 1995 .

[193]  Peter Brusilovsky,et al.  ELM-ART: An Intelligent Tutoring System on World Wide Web , 1996, Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

[194]  Pavel Curtis,et al.  Mudding: Social phenomena in text-based virtual realities. , 1997 .

[195]  Michael S. Nilan.  Ease of user navigation through digital information spaces , 1995, SIGO.

[196]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Technomethodology: paradoxes and possibilities , 1996, CHI.

[197]  Kjeld Schmidt,et al.  Of maps and scripts—the status of formal constructs in cooperative work , 1997, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[198]  Norbert A. Streitz,et al.  From ideas and arguments to hyperdocuments: travelling through activity spaces , 1989, Hypertext.

[199]  Steve Benford,et al.  Crowded collaborative virtual environments , 1997, CHI.

[200]  John A. Waterworth,et al.  A Pattern of Islands: Exploring Public Information Space in a Private Vehicle , 1994, MHVR.

[201]  John R. Anderson.  Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications , 1980 .

[202]  Max Jacobson,et al.  A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction , 1981 .

[203]  Robert E. Kraut,et al.  The VideoWindow system in informal communication , 1990, CSCW '90.

[204]  Matthew Chalmers,et al.  Bead: explorations in information visualization , 1992, SIGIR '92.

[205]  B. Hillier,et al.  The social logic of space: The logic of space , 1984 .

[206]  Austin Henderson,et al.  Rooms: the use of multiple virtual workspaces to reduce space contention in a window-based graphical user interface , 1986, TOGS.

[207]  Francisco del Pozo,et al.  A user-centered cooperative information system for medical imaging diagnosis , 1998 .

[208]  Jacques Wainer,et al.  Groupware and computer supported cooperative work , 1999 .

[209]  Judith S. Donath,et al.  Visual Who: animating the affinities and activities of an electronic community , 1995, MULTIMEDIA '95.

[210]  G. Stiny,et al.  Algorithmic Aesthetics: Computer Models for Criticism and Design in the Arts , 1978 .

[211]  Barbara Tversky,et al.  Cognitive Maps, Cognitive Collages, and Spatial Mental Models , 1993, COSIT.

[212]  Paul S. Goodman,et al.  Understanding groups in organizations. , 1987 .

[213]  Alan Wexelblat.  History-rich tools for social navigation , 1998, CHI Conference Summary.

[214]  Lucy Suchman.  Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication , 1987 .

[215]  D. Rutter.  Communicating by telephone , 1987 .

[216]  Carl Gutwin,et al.  Workspace Awareness in Real-Time Distributed Groupware: Framework, Widgets, and Evaluation , 1996, BCS HCI.

[217]  Nectaria Tryfona,et al.  Structuring Space with Image Schemata: Wayfinding in Airports as a Case Study , 1997, COSIT.

[218]  Steve Benford,et al.  Virtual Reality Tele-conferencing: Implementation and Experience , 1995, ECSCW.

[219]  Steve Benford,et al.  User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments , 1995, CHI '95.

[220]  Romedi Passini,et al.  Wayfinding in Architecture , 1984 .

[221]  Gary Marchionini,et al.  Disorientation in Electronic Environments: A Study of Hypertext and Continuous Zooming Interfaces , 1996 .

[222]  Craig D. B. Boyle,et al.  Metadoc: An Adaptive Hypertext Reading System , 1994 .

[223]  Johanna D. Moore,et al.  Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 1989 .

[224]  Michel Beaudouin-Lafon,et al.  Computer supported co-operative work , 1999 .

[225]  Tim Rohrer.  Conceptual Blending on the Information Highway: How Metaphorical Inferences Work , 1997 .

[226]  John T. Masterson,et al.  Nonverbal communication in text based virtual realities , 1996 .

[227]  Per Persson.  Towards a Psychological Theory of Close-ups , 1998 .

[228]  Mark S. Ackerman,et al.  Social activity indicators: interface components for CSCW systems , 1995, UIST '95.

[229]  Abigail Sellen,et al.  Design for Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing Environments , 1993, ECSCW.

[230]  Paul P. Maglio,et al.  How to personalize the Web , 1997, CHI.

[231]  Pavel Zahorik,et al.  Presence as Being-in-the-World , 1998, Presence.

[232]  Sara A. Bly,et al.  Media spaces: bringing people together in a video, audio, and computing environment , 1993, CACM.

[233]  Bart Selman,et al.  Referral Web: combining social networks and collaborative filtering , 1997, CACM.

[234]  Mark S. Ackerman,et al.  Just talk to me: a field study of expertise location , 1998, CSCW '98.

[235]  G. Lakoff.  Philosophy in the flesh , 1999 .

[236]  Mark S. Ackerman,et al.  Answer Garden 2: merging organizational memory with collaborative help , 1996, CSCW '96.

[237]  P. Kollock,et al.  Managing the virtual commons : Cooperation and conflict in computer communities , 1996 .

[238]  Kevin Lynch,et al.  The Image of the City , 1960 .

[239]  Lucy Suchman,et al.  Supporting Articulation Work , 1995, Computerization and Controversy, 2nd Ed..

[240]  N. Negroponte.  Agents: from direct manipulation to delegation , 1997 .

[241]  Graham Bird,et al.  The International Monetary Fund and developing countries: a review of the evidence and policy options , 1996, International Organization.

[242]  LiebermanH.,et al.  Out of context , 2000 .

[243]  Daniel P. Siewiorek,et al.  Wearable computers: Merging information space with the workspace , 1993, Proceedings of 1993 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design ICCD'93.

[244]  A. Bruckman,et al.  The MediaMOO Project , 1995 .

[245]  R. Harper,et al.  Inside the IMF: An Ethnography of Documents, Technology, and Organizational Action , 1997 .