NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation for d-Limonene

Abstract : d-Limonene, a chemical derived from citrus fruits, is a component of solvents often used in the Air Force in place of more hazardous solvents. Citrikleen HD and 3M Natural Cleaner were the two d-limonene-containing solvents evaluated by NIOSH in this study. NIOSH developed a sampling method and found detectable airborne levels of d-limonene during the processes studied. They could not find, however, any clear association between exposure and health hazards in this limited study. Consequently there was no recommended exposure limit established. Base BEEs should ensure that operations involving the use of d-limonene are evaluated to determine the potential for exposure to workers. If dermal exposure is possible, rubber (butyl or nitrile) gloves, a rubber apron, a face shield, and splash proof goggles should be required as necessary. Workers must also be educated as to the hazards associated with these materials and the reporting requirements should they develop dermatitis.