of viruses newly isolated from diseased chicks in Japan in

. In this study, a total of nine chicken samples obtained from two broiler flocks in Oita and Tottori prefectures in 2020 were examined for Chicken anemia virus (CAV) infection. The samples were collected from clinically suspected flocks and diseased chickens. The CAV genome was detected in all nine samples tested by real-time PCR. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons of the full-length VP1 gene sequences indicated that all the Japanese CAV strains obtained in this study formed a similar cluster of genotype III and shared high nucleotide (99.62%–100%) identity. The current Japanese CAV strains were closely related to Chinese CAV strains but not related to vaccine strains. One positive selection site of VP1 was detected among the Japanese CAV strains. studies on pathogenicity of the isolated CAV strains and further studies on CAV infection should be performed. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses revealed that the Japanese

[1]  Q. Xie,et al.  Epidemiology, molecular characterization, and recombination analysis of chicken anemia virus in Guangdong province, China , 2020, Archives of Virology.

[2]  K. Shirota,et al.  The diseases suspected of the involvement of chicken anemia virus infection in 11 to 14-weeks old replacement pullets from eastern Japan: a case report , 2020, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[3]  K. Imai,et al.  Pathological and virological analysis of concurrent disease of chicken anemia virus infection and infectious bronchitis in Japanese native chicks , 2020, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[4]  K. Imai,et al.  Chicken anemia virus in northern Vietnam: molecular characterization reveals multiple genotypes and evidence of recombination , 2019, Virus Genes.

[5]  Yi-Lun Tsai,et al.  Epidemiology and molecular characterization of chicken anaemia virus from commercial and native chickens in Taiwan , 2018, Transboundary and emerging diseases.

[6]  A. Selim,et al.  Characterization of full genome sequences of chicken anemia viruses circulating in Egypt reveals distinct genetic diversity and evidence of recombination. , 2018, Virus research.

[7]  K. Schat,et al.  Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus and Other Circovirus Infections: Introduction , 2017 .

[8]  B. Murrell,et al.  RDP4: Detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes , 2015, Virus evolution.

[9]  F. Chen,et al.  Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus in southern China from 2011 to 2012 , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[10]  Koichiro Tamura,et al.  MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. , 2013, Molecular biology and evolution.

[11]  Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond,et al.  FUBAR: a fast, unconstrained bayesian approximation for inferring selection. , 2013, Molecular biology and evolution.

[12]  A. Qin,et al.  Analysis of chicken anemia virus genome: evidence of intersubtype recombination , 2011, Virology Journal.

[13]  Cheng-qiang He,et al.  The selection pressure analysis of chicken anemia virus structural protein gene VP1 , 2009, Virus Genes.

[14]  S. Jagadeeshan,et al.  Rapid evolution of outer egg membrane proteins in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup: a case of ecologically driven evolution of female reproductive traits. , 2007, Molecular biology and evolution.

[15]  T. A. Hall,et al.  BIOEDIT: A USER-FRIENDLY BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT EDITOR AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR WINDOWS 95/98/ NT , 1999 .

[16]  K. Ohashi,et al.  A hypervariable region in VP1 of chicken infectious anemia virus mediates rate of spread and cell tropism in tissue culture , 1996, Journal of virology.

[17]  A. Tanaka,et al.  Cloning and sequencing of the genome of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) TK-5803 strain and comparison with other CAV strains. , 1996, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[18]  J. Thompson,et al.  CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[19]  M. Mcnulty.  Chicken anaemia agent: a review. , 1991, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

[20]  N. Yuasa.  Propagation and infectivity titration of the Gifu-1 strain of chicken anemia agent in a cell line (MDCC-MSB1) derived from Marek's disease lymphoma. , 1983, National Institute of Animal Health quarterly.

[21]  K. Furuta,et al.  Maternal antibody and its effect on the susceptibility of chicks to chicken anemia agent. , 1980 .

[22]  T. Taniguchi,et al.  Isolation and some characteristics of an agent inducing anemia in chicks. , 1979 .