Toward an Energy-Efficient High-Voltage Compliant Visual Intracortical Multichannel Stimulator

We present, in this paper, a new multichip system aimed toward building an implantable visual intracortical stimulation device. The objective is to deliver energy-optimum pulse patterns to neural sites with needed compliance voltage across high electrode–tissue interface impedance of implantable microelectrodes. The first chip is an energy-efficient stimuli generator (SG), and the second one is a high-impedance microelectrode array driver (MED) output stage. The four-channel SG produces rectangular, half-sine, plateau-sine, and other types of current pulse with stimulation current ranging from 2.32 to 220 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> per channel. The microelectrode array driver is able to deliver 20 V per anodic or cathodic phase across the microelectrode–tissue interface for ±13 V power supplies. The MED supplies different current levels with the maximum value of 400 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> per input and 100 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> per output channel simultaneously to 8–16 stimulation sites through microelectrodes, connected either in bipolar or monopolar configuration. Both chips receive power via inductive link and data through capacitive coupling. The SG and MED chips have been fabricated in 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS and 0.8-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 5-/20-V CMOS/double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor technologies. The measured dc power budgets consumed by low- and mid-voltage chips are 2.56 and 2.1 mW consecutively. The system, modular in architecture, is interfaced with a newly developed platinum-coated pyramidal microelectrode array. <italic>In vitro</italic> test results with 0.9% phosphate buffer saline show the microelectrode impedance of 70 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{k}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 1 kHz.

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