Spinal cord injury medicine. 1. Epidemiology and classification.

UNLABELLED This self-directed learning module reviews the demographics of traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs). It is part of the study guide on SCI medicine in the Self-Directed Physiatric Educational Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article specifically focuses on the changing demographics of traumatic SCI, the classification of SCI, the common causes of nontraumatic SCI, and the incidence and prevalence of myelomeningocele. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVE To summarize the demographics and classification of traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injuries in adults and children.

[1]  N. Tamaki,et al.  Tethered cord syndrome of delayed onset following repair of myelomeningocele. , 1988, Journal of neurosurgery.

[2]  L. Rorke,et al.  Management of Chiari II complications in infants with myelomeningocele. , 1987, The Journal of pediatrics.

[3]  L. Tosi,et al.  Latex Allergy in Spina Bifida Patients: Prevalence and Surgical Implications , 1993, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[4]  W. Donovan,et al.  International Standards For Neurological Classification Of Spinal Cord Injury , 2003, The journal of spinal cord medicine.

[5]  M. Franceschini,et al.  Nontraumatic spinal cord injury: an Italian survey. , 2004, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[6]  L. Morrison,et al.  Proposed diagnostic criteria and nosology of acute transverse myelitis , 2003 .

[7]  Steven Kirshblum,et al.  Spinal Cord Medicine , 2001 .

[8]  R. Okeda,et al.  Pathology of radiation myelopathy , 2001, Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology.

[9]  R. Waters,et al.  International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury , 1997, Spinal Cord.

[10]  A. Jackson,et al.  A demographic profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries: change and stability over 30 years. , 2004, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[11]  J. Graham,et al.  Listen to the patient: quality of life of patients with recently diagnosed malignant cord compression in relation to their disability , 2004, Palliative medicine.

[12]  T. Huber,et al.  Functional outcome after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. , 2002, Journal of vascular surgery.

[13]  D. Cifu,et al.  Rehabilitation outcome of individuals with nontraumatic myelopathy resulting from spinal stenosis. , 1998, The journal of spinal cord medicine.

[14]  K. Tabayashi.  Spinal Cord Protection During Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair , 2004, Surgery Today.

[15]  T. Gasser,et al.  Functional outcome after surgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: experience with 78 patients , 2005, Spinal Cord.

[16]  A. Ghezzi.  Clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis with early onset , 2004, Neurological Sciences.

[17]  B. Kaufman.  Neural tube defects. , 2004, Pediatric clinics of North America.

[18]  A. Ghezzi,et al.  Devic’s neuromyelitis optica: clinical features and prognostic factors , 2004, Neurological Sciences.

[19]  M. Huang,et al.  Neoplastic vs. traumatic spinal cord injury: an inpatient rehabilitation comparison. , 2000, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.