The method of virtual power in continuum mechanics: Application to coupled fields

SummaryUsing as main tools the principle of virtual power — in the form recently favored by French mechanicians - and continuum thermodynamics, this work of a synthetic nature develops in a “rational” manner and from a unified viewpoint the fully dynamical (albeit not relativistic) theory of electromagnetic continua. The resulting equations are those to be used by theoretical mechanicians, applied physicists and electronic engineers alike to study coupled electro-magneto-mechanical effects in electronic components. A fairly long account of the formal structure underlying the principle of virtual power is first given. Following then a simple purely mechanical application, a full illustration is given of the application of this principle to the theory of coupled fields in deformable continua, all states of magnetism and dielectricity being representable if one makes the appropriate adjustments. Other illustrations of the method concern the case of complicated schemes of elastic dielectrics, liquid crystals and ferrofluids. To end with a comparison with other energy approaches used nowadays in continuum physics is given.ZusammenfassungUnter Verwendung des Prinzips der virtuellen Leistung — in der Form, wie sie vor kurzem von französischen Mechanikern angegeben wurde - und der Kontinuumsthermodynamik, wird in dieser Arbeit in einer „rationalen” Art und von einem einheitlichen Standpunkt die gesamte dynamische (zwar nicht relativistisch) Theorie der elektromagnetischen Kontinua entwickelt. Die resultierenden Gleichungen sind jene, wie sie in der theoretischen Mechanik, der angewandten Physik, sowie der Elektrotechnik in gleichem Maße zum Studium der elektro-magnetisch-mechanischen Effekte in elektro-technischen Komponenten verwendet werden. Zuerst wird sehr ausführlich die formale Struktur des Prinzips der virtuellen Leistung aufgezeigt. Dann folgt eine einfache mechanische Anwendung; eine ausführliche Darstellung wird für die Anwendung des Prinzips auf die Theorie der gekoppelten Felder in deformierbaren Körpern gegeben, alle repräsentativen Zustände von Magnetismus und Dielektrizität werden angegeben. Andere Darstellungen der Methode befassen sich mit komplizierten Strukturen elastischer, dielektrischer Körper, Flüssigkristallen und Ferroflüssigkeiten. Zum Abschluß wird ein Vergleich mit anderen modernen Energiemethoden der Kontinuumsphysik angegeben.

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