Normal language acquisition.

Long before they start talking, children are skilled at using eye contact, facial expression, and nonverbal gestures to communicate with other people. They also are able to discriminate speech sounds from an early age. Vocabulary learning builds on the child's knowledge about objects, actions, locations, properties, and stages gained as a result of sensorimotor development. Early word combinations allow children to express semantic relationships between these various referents. During the period from 2 to 4 years of age, children move from expressing their ideas in simple telegraphic speech to being able to ask questions, use negation, talk about past and future events, and describe complicated situations using sentences constructed according to complex grammatical rules.

[1]  M. Bateson,et al.  MOTHER‐INFANT EXCHANGES: THE EPIGENESIS OF CONVERSATIONAL INTERACTION * , 1975, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[2]  Bambi B. Schieffelin,et al.  Language Socialization across Cultures , 1988 .

[3]  A. Levitt,et al.  From babbling towards the sound systems of English and French: a longitudinal two-case study , 1992, Journal of Child Language.

[4]  Eric Wanner,et al.  Language acquisition: the state of the art , 1982 .

[5]  Eve V. Clark,et al.  WHAT'S IN A WORD? ON THE CHILD'S ACQUISITION OF SEMANTICS IN HIS FIRST LANGUAGE , 1973 .

[6]  P. Lightbown,et al.  Structure and variation in child language. , 1975 .

[7]  R A Berman Language development and language knowledge: evidence from the acquisition of Hebrew morphophonology. , 1981, Journal of child language.

[8]  F. Moore Cognitive development and the acquisition of language , 1973 .

[9]  J. Reznick,et al.  Early lexical acquisition: rate, content, and the vocabulary spurt , 1990, Journal of Child Language.

[10]  P. A. Villiers,et al.  A cross-sectional study of the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in child speech , 1973, Journal of psycholinguistic research.

[11]  Peter D. Eimas,et al.  Discrimination of information for manner of articulation , 1980 .

[12]  M. Tomasello,et al.  Joint attention and lexical acquisition style , 1983 .

[13]  K. Stevens,et al.  Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. , 1992, Science.

[14]  Elizabeth Bates,et al.  The Acquisition of Performatives Prior to Speech. , 1975 .

[15]  Steven Pinker,et al.  Language learnability and language development , 1985 .

[16]  P. D. Eimas,et al.  Studies on the categorization of speech by infants , 1983, Cognition.

[17]  L Bloom Why not pivot grammar? , 1971, The Journal of speech and hearing disorders.

[18]  E. Bates,et al.  Language and communication in infancy. , 1987 .

[19]  Lois Bloom,et al.  One Word at a Time: The Use of Single Word Utterances Before Syntax , 1976 .

[20]  K. Nelson,et al.  Nouns in early lexicons: evidence, explanations and implications , 1993, Journal of Child Language.

[21]  J. Reznick,et al.  Developmental and stylistic variation in the composition of early vocabulary , 1994, Journal of Child Language.

[22]  S. Trehub The Discrimination of Foreign Speech Contrasts by Infants and Adults. , 1976 .

[23]  D. Kimbrough Oller,et al.  The role of audition in infant babbling. , 1988, Child development.

[24]  A. Peters LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES: DOES THE WHOLE EQUAL THE SUM OF THE PARTS? , 1977 .

[25]  Peter D. Eimas,et al.  Auditory and linguistic processing of cues for place of articulation by infants , 1974 .

[26]  M. Braine Children's First Word Combinations. , 1976 .

[27]  J. Werker,et al.  Cross-language speech perception: Evidence for perceptual reorganization during the first year of life , 1984 .

[28]  L. Rescorla,et al.  The Language Development Survey: a screening tool for delayed language in toddlers. , 1989, The Journal of speech and hearing disorders.

[29]  H. Benedict,et al.  The relationship of pragmatic dimensions of mothers' speech to the referential-expressive distinction , 1983, Journal of Child Language.

[30]  J. Osofsky Handbook of infant development , 1979 .

[31]  M. Tomasello,et al.  Joint attention on actions: acquiring verbs in ostensive and non-ostensive contexts , 1992, Journal of Child Language.

[32]  M. Maratsos,et al.  The internal language of children's syntax : The ontogenesis and representation of syntactic categories , 1980 .

[33]  L. Menn,et al.  Phonological development : models, research, implications , 1994 .

[34]  Marlys A. Macken,et al.  From Babbling to Speech: A Re-Assessment of the Continuity Issue , 1985 .

[35]  Rebecca L. Oxford,et al.  Language Learning Strategies , 1990 .

[36]  Rachel E. Stark,et al.  Chapter 5 – RETRACTED: STAGES OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE1 , 1980 .

[37]  M. Bornstein,et al.  Psychological development from infancy: Image to intention , 1979 .

[38]  Ellen Bialystok,et al.  The Development of Language and Language Researchers : Essays in Honor of Roger Brown , 1989 .

[39]  H. Scarborough Index of Productive Syntax , 1990, Applied Psycholinguistics.

[40]  Lois Bloom,et al.  The Words Children Learn: Evidence against a Noun Bias in Early Vocabularies. , 1993 .

[41]  C. Snow The development of conversation between mothers and babies , 1977, Journal of Child Language.

[42]  H. Benedict,et al.  Early lexical development: comprehension and production , 1979, Journal of Child Language.

[43]  B. de Boysson-Bardies,et al.  A crosslinguistic investigation of vowel formants in babbling , 1989, Journal of Child Language.

[44]  Beverly A. Goldfield,et al.  The contributions of child and caregiver to referential and expressive language , 1987, Applied Psycholinguistics.

[45]  P. Jusczyk,et al.  Perception of a phonetic contrast in multisyllabic utterances by 2-month-old infants , 1978, Perception & psychophysics.

[46]  R. Gelman,et al.  The development of communication skills: modifications in the speech of young children as a function of listener. , 1973, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development.

[47]  R S Chapman,et al.  The relation between age and mean length of utterance in morphemes. , 1981, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[48]  R. Brown,et al.  A First Language , 1973 .

[49]  K. Hirsh-Pasek,et al.  The eyes have it: lexical and syntactic comprehension in a new paradigm , 1987, Journal of Child Language.

[50]  L. Rescorla,et al.  Overextension in early language development , 1980, Journal of Child Language.

[51]  M. Tomasello,et al.  Joint attention and early language. , 1986, Child development.

[52]  I. Sigel,et al.  HANDBOOK OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY , 2006 .

[53]  J. Pine,et al.  Individual differences in early vocabulary development: redefining the referential-expressive distinction , 1992, Journal of Child Language.

[54]  Dedre Gentner,et al.  Why Nouns Are Learned before Verbs: Linguistic Relativity Versus Natural Partitioning. Technical Report No. 257. , 1982 .

[55]  D. Oller THE EMERGENCE OF THE SOUNDS OF SPEECH IN INFANCY , 1980 .

[56]  Catherine E. Snow,et al.  Children's language , 1990 .

[57]  Kenneth C. Hill,et al.  The genesis of language , 1982 .

[58]  K. Nelson,et al.  Structure and strategy in learning to talk. , 1973 .

[59]  A. Liberman,et al.  An effect of linguistic experience: The discrimination of [r] and [l] by native speakers of Japanese and English , 1975 .