Probabilistic seismic demand analysis for the near-fault zone

by Reza Sehhati, Ph.D. Washington State University December 2008 Chair: Dr. Adrian Rodriguez-Marek Ground motions close to a fault can be significantly influenced by rupture directivity effects. In particular, the effects of forward-directivity may cause severe damage to buildings. These effects have not been clearly addressed in current building codes and engineers still lack specific guidelines as to how to account for forward-directivity effects when determining the seismic hazard for structures. A methodology for probabilistic seismic demand analysis that includes the effects of forward directivity through time domain analysis is proposed in this work. First, the characteristics of forward-directivity ground motions and the structural response to these motions are studied and simplified mathematical representations for pulse-type forward-directivity ground motions are proposed. Intensity Measures for forward directivity ground motions are then proposed based on the simplified pulses. For this purpose, the non-linear dynamic response of three generic multi-story shear buildings to near-fault and ordinary ground motion ensembles was studied using Incremental Dynamic Analysis. Results show that whenever the pulse period of forward-directivity ground motions is close to the first-mode structural period, structural response is controlled

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