Engineering of Brome mosaic virus for biomedical applications.

Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are becoming versatile tools in platform technology development. Their well-defined structures as well as their programmability through chemical and genetic modification allow VNPs to be engineered for potential imaging and therapeutic applications. In this article, we report the application of a variety of bioconjugation chemistries to the plant VNP Brome mosaic virus (BMV). Functional BMV nanoparticles displaying multiple copies of fluorescent dyes, PEG molecules, chemotherapeutic drug moieties, targeting proteins and cell penetrating peptides were formulated. This opens the door for the application of BMV in nanomedicine.

[1]  K. Breitenkamp,et al.  Functional virus-based polymer-protein nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[2]  S. Schmid,et al.  Multivalent Display and Receptor‐Mediated Endocytosis of Transferrin on Virus‐Like Particles , 2010, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[3]  M. Botta,et al.  High relaxivity gadolinium hydroxypyridonate-viral capsid conjugates: nanosized MRI contrast agents. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[4]  P. Ahlquist,et al.  Nucleotide sequence of the brome mosaic virus genome and its implications for viral replication. , 1984, Journal of molecular biology.

[5]  G. Stucky,et al.  Self-assembled virus-like particles with magnetic cores. , 2007, Nano letters.

[6]  Vincent M Rotello,et al.  Core-controlled polymorphism in virus-like particles , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[7]  John E. Johnson,et al.  A virus-based nanoblock with tunable electrostatic properties. , 2005, Nano letters.

[8]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Hybrid virus-polymer materials. 1. Synthesis and properties of PEG-decorated cowpea mosaic virus. , 2003 .

[9]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Natural supramolecular building blocks. Cysteine-added mutants of cowpea mosaic virus. , 2002, Chemistry & biology.

[10]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Potato virus X as a novel platform for potential biomedical applications. , 2010, Nano letters.

[11]  E. Kandel,et al.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Annual subject and author indexes. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  Nicole F Steinmetz,et al.  The art of engineering viral nanoparticles. , 2011, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[13]  P. Dawson,et al.  Rapid oxime and hydrazone ligations with aromatic aldehydes for biomolecular labeling. , 2008, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[14]  D. Mason,et al.  Transferrin receptors in human tissues: their distribution and possible clinical relevance. , 1983, Journal of clinical pathology.

[15]  Marianne Manchester,et al.  Viruses and their uses in nanotechnology , 2006 .

[16]  Nicole F Steinmetz,et al.  Intravital imaging of human prostate cancer using viral nanoparticles targeted to gastrin-releasing Peptide receptors. , 2011, Small.

[17]  N. Steinmetz,et al.  Buckyballs meet viral nanoparticles: candidates for biomedicine. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  C. Kao,et al.  Magnetic virus-like nanoparticles in N. benthamiana plants: a new paradigm for environmental and agronomic biotechnological research. , 2011, ACS nano.

[19]  S. Futaki,et al.  Delivery of Macromolecules Using Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Ways to Overcome Endosomal Entrapment , 2009, The AAPS Journal.

[20]  Andries Zijlstra,et al.  Viral nanoparticles as tools for intravital vascular imaging , 2006, Nature Medicine.

[21]  Jacob M Hooker,et al.  Dual-surface-modified bacteriophage MS2 as an ideal scaffold for a viral capsid-based drug delivery system. , 2007, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[22]  Wei Wang,et al.  Development of an antisense RNA delivery system using conjugates of the MS2 bacteriophage capsids and HIV-1 TAT cell-penetrating peptide. , 2009, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[23]  C. Kao,et al.  Effects of amino-acid substitutions in the Brome mosaic virus capsid protein on RNA encapsidation. , 2010, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[24]  Duane E. Prasuhn,et al.  Bio-distribution, toxicity and pathology of cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles in vivo. , 2007, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[25]  N. Steinmetz,et al.  Cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles target surface vimentin on cancer cells. , 2011, Nanomedicine.

[26]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Transferrin-mediated targeting of bacteriophage HK97 nanoparticles into tumor cells. , 2011, Nanomedicine.

[27]  Zhijun Zhang,et al.  Self-assembled virus-like particles from rotavirus structural protein VP6 for targeted drug delivery. , 2011, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[28]  S. Larson,et al.  The crystallographic structure of brome mosaic virus. , 2002, Journal of molecular biology.

[29]  Wei-Chiang Shen,et al.  Cell Penetrating Peptides: Intracellular Pathways and Pharmaceutical Perspectives , 2007, Pharmaceutical Research.

[30]  G. Palù,et al.  Versatility of gene therapy vectors through viruses , 2005, Expert opinion on biological therapy.

[31]  M. Young,et al.  Protein Engineering of a Viral Cage for Constrained Nanomaterials Synthesis , 2002 .

[32]  D. Kirn,et al.  Gene therapy progress and prospects cancer: oncolytic viruses , 2008, Gene Therapy.

[33]  V. Georgiev,et al.  Drug Development Research , 2009, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH.

[34]  P. Ahlquist,et al.  Complete nucleotide sequence of brome mosaic virus RNA3. , 1981, Journal of molecular biology.

[35]  M. Young,et al.  Biodistribution studies of protein cage nanoparticles demonstrate broad tissue distribution and rapid clearance in vivo , 2007, International journal of nanomedicine.

[36]  M. Francis,et al.  Self-assembling light-harvesting systems from synthetically modified tobacco mosaic virus coat proteins. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[37]  Igor L. Medintz,et al.  Decoration of discretely immobilized cowpea mosaic virus with luminescent quantum dots. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[38]  O. Urakawa,et al.  Small - , 2007 .

[39]  Nicole F Steinmetz,et al.  Intravital imaging of embryonic and tumor neovasculature using viral nanoparticles , 2010, Nature Protocols.

[40]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[41]  N. Steinmetz,et al.  Hydrazone ligation strategy to assemble multifunctional viral nanoparticles for cell imaging and tumor targeting. , 2010, Nano letters.

[42]  Marianne Manchester,et al.  Folic acid-mediated targeting of cowpea mosaic virus particles to tumor cells. , 2007, Chemistry & biology.

[43]  V. Rotello,et al.  Quantum dot encapsulation in viral capsids. , 2006, Nano letters.

[44]  V. Rotello,et al.  Role of surface charge density in nanoparticle-templated assembly of bromovirus protein cages. , 2010, ACS nano.

[45]  Andrew K. Udit,et al.  Immobilization of bacteriophage Qbeta on metal-derivatized surfaces via polyvalent display of hexahistidine tags. , 2008, Journal of inorganic biochemistry.

[46]  M. Finn,et al.  Chemical modification of viruses and virus-like particles. , 2009, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.

[47]  N. Steinmetz,et al.  PEGylated viral nanoparticles for biomedicine: the impact of PEG chain length on VNP cell interactions in vitro and ex vivo. , 2009, Biomacromolecules.

[48]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.