Auditory pathways to the frontal cortex of the mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii.

In primates, certain areas of the frontal cortex play a role in guiding movements toward visual or auditory objects in space. The projections from auditory centers to the frontal cortex of the bat Pteronotus parnellii were examined because echolocating bats utilize auditory cues to guide their movements in space. An area in the frontal cortex receives a direct projection from a division of the auditory thalamus, the suprageniculate nucleus, which in turn receives input from the anterolateral peri-olivary nucleus, an auditory center in the medulla. This pathway to the frontal cortex bypasses the main auditory centers in the midbrain and cortex and could involve as few as four neurons between the cochlea and the frontal cortex. The auditory cortex is also a major source of input to the frontal cortex. This area of the frontal cortex may link the auditory and motor systems by its projections to the superior colliculus.

[1]  J. Zook,et al.  Projections from the cochlear nuclei in the mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii , 1985, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[2]  J. W. Papez.  Evolution of the medial geniculate body , 1891 .

[3]  H. Woollard,et al.  The connexions of the inferior colliculus and of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. , 1940, Journal of anatomy.

[4]  R. Moore,et al.  Ascending projections of the inferior colliculus in the cat , 1963 .

[5]  Walle J. H. Nauta,et al.  Autoradiographic demonstration of a projection from prefrontal association cortex to the superior colliculus in the rhesus monkey , 1976, Brain Research.

[6]  J. Zook,et al.  Cytoarchitecture of auditory system in lower brainstem of the mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii , 1982, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[7]  C. Bruce,et al.  Primate frontal eye fields. I. Single neurons discharging before saccades. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[8]  J. Goldberg,et al.  Ascending projections of the lateral lemniscus in the cat and monkey , 1967 .

[9]  D P Crowne,et al.  The frontal eye field and attention. , 1983, Psychological bulletin.

[10]  N Suga,et al.  Disproportionate tonotopic representation for processing CF-FM sonar signals in the mustache bat auditory cortex. , 1976, Science.

[11]  M Hallett,et al.  Intra- and interhemispheric connections of the neocortical auditory system in the rhesus monkey. , 1969, Brain research.

[12]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  The primate mediodorsal (MD) nucleus and its projection to the frontal lobe , 1985, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[13]  D. Irvine,et al.  Auditory input to neurons in mesencephalic and rostral pontine reticular formation: an electrophysiological and horseradish peroxidase study in the cat. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[14]  P. Goldman-Rakic.  Modular organization of prefrontal cortex , 1984, Trends in Neurosciences.

[15]  J. Brugge,et al.  Auditory evoked cortical potentials after lesions of brachium of inferior colliculus. , 1966, Journal of neurophysiology.

[16]  E. Vaadia,et al.  Unit study of monkey frontal cortex: active localization of auditory and of visual stimuli. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[17]  J. L. Conway,et al.  Deficits in eye movements following frontal eye-field and superior colliculus ablations. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[18]  R. Sindberg,et al.  Auditory response fields in association and motor cortex of cat. , 1960, Journal of neurophysiology.

[19]  S. W. Ranson,et al.  The ascending auditory pathway in the brain stem of the monkey , 1943 .

[20]  K. Bignall.  Auditory input to frontal polysensory cortex of the squirrel monkey: possible pathways. , 1970, Brain research.

[21]  A. Graybiel,et al.  Convergence of afferents from frontal cortex and substantia nigra onto acetylcholinesterase-rich patches of the cat's superior colliculus , 1985, Neuroscience.

[22]  J A Simmons,et al.  Sonar tracking of horizontally moving targets by the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus. , 1985, Science.

[23]  Robert H. Wurtz,et al.  Projection of area 8 (frontal eye field) to superior colliculus in the monkey. An autoradiographic study , 1976, Brain Research.

[24]  M. Goldberg,et al.  Behavioral enhancement of visual responses in monkey cerebral cortex. II. Modulation in frontal eye fields specifically related to saccades. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[25]  C. Henkel,et al.  The superior colliculus control of pinna movements in the cat: Possible anatomical connections , 1978, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[26]  K. Bignall.  Effects of subcortical ablations on polysensory cortical responses and interactions in the cat. , 1967, Experimental neurology.

[27]  Steiner Be,et al.  Control of pinna movements and sensorimotor register in cat superior colliculus. , 1981 .