Electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid based on an exfoliated graphite paper electrode: A high performance flexible sensor

Abstract An exfoliated flexible graphite paper (e-FGP) with rough edges is proposed as a high performance working electrode for the electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), different pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied to investigate the unique properties of the high performance electrode. The results demonstrate its excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of AA, DA and UA with well-separated voltammetric peaks. The calibration curves in the range of 20–400 μM, 0.5–35 μM, 0.5–35 μM, and the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 2.0 μM, 0.01 μM, 0.02 μM were obtained for AA, DA and UA in neutral phosphate buffer solutions (PBS), respectively. This mechanically flexible sensor with good selectivity and remarkable sensitivity could be used to determine DA and UA in real human urine samples.

[1]  Dong-Hwang Chen,et al.  Simultaneous determination of norepinephrine, uric acid, and ascorbic acid at a screen printed carbon electrode modified with polyacrylic acid-coated multi-wall carbon nanotubes. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[2]  B. Swamy,et al.  Electrochemical behavior of poly (naphthol green B)-film modified carbon paste electrode and its application for the determination of dopamine and uric acid , 2012 .

[3]  R. McCreery,et al.  Mechanism of electrochemical activation of carbon electrodes: role of graphite lattice defects , 1989 .

[4]  Yibin Ying,et al.  Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid using high-performance screen-printed graphene electrode. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[5]  P. Krysiński,et al.  Selective detection of dopamine on poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid)/tyrosinase electrode , 2011 .

[6]  M. Dávila,et al.  Capability of a carbon–polyvinylchloride composite electrode for the detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid , 2004 .

[7]  Z. Dursun,et al.  Cu nanoparticles incorporated polypyrrole modified GCE for sensitive simultaneous determination of dopamine and uric acid. , 2010, Talanta.

[8]  R. McCreery,et al.  Activation of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite for heterogeneous electron transfer: relationship between electrochemical performance and carbon microstructure , 1989 .

[9]  X. Xia,et al.  A green approach to the synthesis of graphene nanosheets. , 2009, ACS nano.

[10]  B. Rezaei,et al.  Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, epinephrine, and uric acid by differential pulse voltammetry using poly(3,3′-bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)aminomethyl]-o-cresolsulfonephthalein) modified glassy carbon electrode , 2010 .

[11]  Xiuli Niu,et al.  A novel and simple strategy for simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid based on the stacked graphene platelet nanofibers/ionic liquids/chitosan modified electrode. , 2012, Talanta.

[12]  C. Banks,et al.  Exploring the electrocatalytic sites of carbon nanotubes for NADH detection: an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode study. , 2005, The Analyst.

[13]  R. Mahajan,et al.  Electrochemical detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid using graphene modified electrodes. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[14]  B. Habibi,et al.  Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid by use of a MWCNT modified carbon-ceramic electrode and differential pulse voltammetry , 2010 .

[15]  M. Zheng,et al.  A mesoporous carbon nanofiber-modified pyrolytic graphite electrode used for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid, and ascorbic acid , 2012 .

[16]  Yang Liu,et al.  Simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid using palladium nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofibers modified electrode. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[17]  T. Meyer,et al.  Electrocatalysis of proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions at glassy carbon electrodes , 1985 .

[18]  Werner G. Kuhr,et al.  Methods to improve electrochemical reversibility at carbon electrodes , 1984 .

[19]  Y. Chai,et al.  A simple strategy based on lanthanum–multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and nitrite , 2012 .

[20]  A. Carlsson,et al.  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan as Reserpine Antagonists , 1957, Nature.

[21]  Ping Zhang,et al.  Selective response of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid at multi-walled carbon nanotube modified gold electrode. , 2005, Bioelectrochemistry.

[22]  B. Zhang,et al.  An ultrasensitive and low-cost graphene sensor based on layer-by-layer nano self-assembly , 2011 .

[23]  Jianshan Ye,et al.  Novel graphite sheet used as an anodic material for high-performance microbial fuel cells , 2013 .

[24]  Guangfeng Wang,et al.  Simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid with LaFeO3 nanoparticles modified electrode , 2009 .

[25]  Jinhua Chen,et al.  Hollow nitrogen-doped carbon microspheres pyrolyzed from self-polymerized dopamine and its application in simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid, ascorbic acid and dopamine. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[26]  X. Xia,et al.  Electrochemical sensor based on nitrogen doped graphene: simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[27]  Jose Savio Melo,et al.  Functionalized-graphene modified graphite electrode for the selective determination of dopamine in presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid. , 2011, Bioelectrochemistry.

[28]  G. Lu,et al.  Fabrication of Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Paper via In Situ Anodic Electropolymerization for High-Performance Flexible Electrode. , 2009, ACS nano.

[29]  Young Min Jhon,et al.  Directed assembly of carbon nanotubes on soft substrates for use as a flexible biosensor array , 2008, Nanotechnology.

[30]  Bin Fang,et al.  Fabrication of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Modified Electrode and Its Application for Voltammetric Sensing of Dopamine , 2005 .

[31]  Taghi Khayamian,et al.  Highly selective determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid by differential pulse voltammetry using poly(sulfonazo III) modified glassy carbon electrode , 2010 .

[32]  T. Dawson,et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: molecules to medicine. , 2006, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[33]  Martin M. F. Choi,et al.  Simultaneous determination of L-ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid with gold nanoparticles-β-cyclodextrin-graphene-modified electrode by square wave voltammetry. , 2012, Talanta.

[34]  Richard G Compton,et al.  Electrocatalysis at graphite and carbon nanotube modified electrodes: edge-plane sites and tube ends are the reactive sites. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[35]  Wen Chen,et al.  High performance flexible sensor based on inorganic nanomaterials , 2013 .

[36]  Hu-lin Li,et al.  Separation of Anodic Peaks of Ascorbic Acid and Dopamine at 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐mercapto‐6‐methylpyrimidine Modified Gold Electrode , 1998 .

[37]  K. Hata,et al.  A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[38]  Z. Dursun,et al.  Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid at Pt Nanoparticles Decorated Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Modified GCE , 2010 .

[39]  Yugang Sun,et al.  High‐Performance, Flexible Hydrogen Sensors That Use Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Palladium Nanoparticles , 2007 .

[40]  F. Tajabadi,et al.  Simultaneous determination of dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid using carbon ionic liquid electrode. , 2006, Analytical biochemistry.

[41]  R. Adams,et al.  Probing brain chemistry with electroanalytical techniques. , 1976, Analytical chemistry.

[42]  Akshay M. Phulgirkar,et al.  Flexible, all-organic chemiresistor for detecting chemically aggressive vapors. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.